Кэтрин Прайс - Витамания. История нашей одержимости витаминами
356
Nestle, Food Politics: 238; Proxmire amendment: 21 U.S.C. § 350 (Vitamins and Minerals).
357
Nestle, Food Politics, p. 238.
358
Nestle, Food Politics, p. 238.
359
Committee on the Nutrition Components of Food Labeling, Institute of Medicine. Nutrition Labeling: Issues and Directions for the 1990s, p. 57.
360
Regulation of Dietary Supplements: 63 (высказывания Дэвида Кесслера, уполномоченного FDA).
361
NewChapter.com. http://www.newchapter.com/targeted-herbal-formulas/supercritical-omega-7#supplement-facts.
362
Regulation of Dietary Supplements, p. 139 (высказывание Дороти Уилсон).
363
Hurley, Natural Causes, p. 59.
364
Slutsker, Laurence, et al. Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome Associated With Exposure to Tryptophan From a Single Manufacturer. The Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 264, no. 2 (July 11, 1990). Также: Belongia, Edward et al. An Investigation of the Cause of the Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome Associated With Tryptophan Use. The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 323, no. 6 (August 9, 1990).
365
Grady, Denise. Dietary Supplement Found to Be Contaminated. New York Times, September 1, 1998. http://www.nytimes.com/1998/09/01/science/dietary-supplement-found-to-be-contaminated.html.
366
FDA’s Regulation of the Dietary Supplement L-tryptophan: Hearing Before the Human Resources and Intergovernmental Relations Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations. House of Representatives, 102nd Cong., 1st sess., July 18, 1991, p. 70 (высказывание Ричарда Уортмана, Кембридж, Массачусетс).
367
FDA’s Regulation of the Dietary Supplement L-tryptophan: Hearing Before the Human Resources and Intergovernmental Relations Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations. House of Representatives, 102nd Cong., 1st sess., July 18, 1991, p. 70 (высказывание Ричарда Уортмана, Кембридж, Массачусетс), p. 71 (высказывание Ричарда Уортмана).
368
Hurley, Natural Causes, p. 66.
369
FDA’s Regulation of the Dietary Supplement L-tryptophan: 70 (высказывание Ричарда Уортмана).
370
Nestle, Food Politics: 239; Health.gov. Background on Dietary Supplements. http://www.health.gov/dietsupp/ch2.htm#sthash.XmELnICr.dpuf.
371
Nestle, Food Politics, p. 242.
372
Nestle, Food Politics, p. 242.
373
Hilts, P. J. In Reversal, White House Backs Curbs on Health Claims for Food. New York Times, February 9, 1990, p. A1, A22.
374
Nestle, Food Politics, p. 242.
375
Nestle, Food Politics, p. 250.
376
Lipton, Eric. Support Is Mutual for Senator and Utah Industry. New York Times, June 20, 2011.
377
Daniells, Stephen. Dietary Supplements Become Utah’s #1 Industry, Topping $7.2 Billion. NutraIngredients-USA.com newsletter, May 23, 2012. http://www.nutraingredients-usa.com/Markets/ietary-supplements-becomeUtah-s-1-industry-topping-7.2-billion.
378
Lipton, Eric. Support Is Mutual for Senator and Utah Industry. New York Times, June 20, 2011.
379
Lipton, Eric. Support Is Mutual for Senator and Utah Industry. New York Times, June 20, 2011.
380
Lipton, Eric. Support Is Mutual for Senator and Utah Industry. New York Times, June 20, 2011.
381
Hurley, Natural Causes, p. 76.
382
Hurley, Natural Causes, p. 73.
383
Hurley, Natural Causes, p. 73.
384
Телефонное интервью с Дэвидом Кесслером, 28 февраля 2012 года.
385
Hurley, Natural Causes, p. 80.
386
Library of Congress Summary. H.R.2597 (102nd): Food, Drug, Cosmetic and Device Enforcement Amendments of 1991. Introduced June 7, 1991. https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/102/hr2597#summary/libraryofcongress.
387
Hurley, Natural Causes, p. 81.
388
Hurley, Natural Causes, p. 83.
389
Weisskopf, Michael. In the Vitamin Wars, Industry Marshals an Army of Citizen Protesters. Washington Post, September 14, 1993, p. A07.
390
Hurley, Natural Causes, p. 87.
391
Hurley, Natural Causes, p. 83.
392
Nestle, Food Politics, p. 259.
393
Интервью с Донной Портер, 23 июля 2014 года.
394
Weisskopf, In the Vitamin Wars, Industry Marshals an Army of Citizen Protesters, p. A07.
395
Hurley, Natural Causes, p. 87.
396
Burros, Marian. F.D.A. Is Again Proposing to Regulate Vitamins and Supplements. New York Times, June 15, 1993.
397
Hilts, Protecting America’s Health, p. 286.
398
Hurley, Natural Causes, p. 85.
399
Hurley, Natural Causes, p. 84.
400
Hilts, Protecting America’s Health, p. 287.
401
Hilts, Protecting America’s Health, p. 287.
402
Hilts, Protecting America’s Health, p. 287.
403
Nestle, Food Politics, p. 255.
404
Williams, Lena. F.D.A. Steps Up Effort to Control Vitamin Claims. New York Times, August 9, 1992.
405
Williams, Lena. A Correction: No Plan to Curb High-Potency Vitamins as Drugs. New York Times, August 16, 1992.
406
Nestle, Food Politics, p. 253.
407
Williams, F.D.A Steps Up Effort to Control Vitamin Claims.
408
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IV2olDA0w8U; Hilts, Protecting America’s Health, p. 288.
409
Burros, F.D.A. Is Again Proposing to Regulate Vitamins and Supplements.
410
Hurley, Natural Causes, p. 89.
411
Hurley, Natural Causes, p. 90–91.
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Regulation of Dietary Supplements: 63 (высказывания Дэвида Кесслера, уполномоченного FDA).
413
Regulation of Dietary Supplements: 63 (высказывания Дэвида Кесслера, уполномоченного FDA), p. 63.
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Regulation of Dietary Supplements: 63 (высказывания Дэвида Кесслера, уполномоченного FDA), p. 63.
415
Diet Supplements Attacked by F.D.A. New York Times, July 30, 1993.
416
Regulation of Dietary Supplements: 65 (высказывания Дэвида Кесслера, уполномоченного FDA).
417
Burros, F.D.A. Is Again Proposing to Regulate Vitamins and Supplements.
418
US Government Accountability Office. Dietary Supplements: FDA Should Take Further Actions to Improve Oversight and Consumer Understanding, GAO-09-250. Washington, DC: US Government Accountability Office, 2009, p. 32.
419
Hurley, Natural Causes, p. 94.
420
Library of Congress Summary of the 1994 Dietary Health and Education Act: https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/103/s784#summary.
421
Hurley, Natural Causes, p. 98–99.
422
Полная ссылка на DSHEA: Act of October 25, 1994, Pub. L. No. 103–417, 108 Stat. 4325 (Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994).
Полный текст: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-108/pdf/STATUTE-108Pg4325.pdf.
423
Hurley, Natural Causes, p. 101.
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Краткое изложение DSHEA на сайте Health.gov: http://www.health.gov/dietsupp/ch1.htm.
425
FDA Basics: What Is a Dietary Supplement? http://www.fda.gov/aboutfda/transparency/basics/ucm195635.htm.
426
Hurley, Natural Causes, p. 102.
427
Дальнейшее замечание по поводу пищевых продуктов: во время написания этой книги FDA тоже еще не опубликовало итоговые указания, по которым ингредиент может квалифицироваться как «признаваемый в целом безвредным» (GRAS). Возникает проблема, когда в формулах используются давно существующие ингредиенты, которые, как выразилась Счетная палата США, имеют «показатели безопасности, радикально не соответствующие истории их использования». Например, горький апельсин в небольших количествах исторически использовался в качестве ароматизатора для апельсинового джема, но горький апельсин также имеет в составе сильный стимулятор синефрин, родственный эфедрину, активному ингредиенту на сегодняшний день запрещенной эфедры. Должна ли компания сослаться на использование горького апельсина в джеме в качестве основания для того, чтобы не направлять FDA уведомление о новом диетическом ингредиенте продукта, который на 95 % состоит из синефрина? Должен ли он считаться безвредным в своей второй, потенциально опасной форме? US Government Accountability Office, Dietary Supplements: FDA Should Take Further Actions to Improve Oversight and Consumer Understanding, p. 24.
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Hilts, Protecting America’s Health, p. 228.
