Дэниел Гилберт - Спотыкаясь о счастье
228
Taylor S.E. et al. Social Support, Support Groups and Cancer Patient // Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 54: 608–615, 1986.
229
Tesser A., Smith J. Some Effects of Task Relevance and Friendship on Helping: You Don’t Always Help the One You Like // Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 16: 582–590, 1980.
230
Hastorf A.H., Cantril H. They Saw a Game: A Case Study // Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 49: 129–134, 1954.
231
Sigelman L., Sigelman C.K. Judgment of the Carter-Reagan Debate: The Eyes of the Beholders // Public Opinion Quarterly 48: 624–628, 1984; Bothwell R.K., Brigham J.C. Selective Evaluation and Recall During the 1980 Reagan-Carter Debate // Journal of Applied Social Psychology 13: 427–442, 1983; Payne J.G. et al. Perceptions of the 1988 Presidential and Vice-Presidential Debates // American Behavioral Scientist 32: 425–435, 1989; Munro G.D. et al. Biased Assimilation of Sociopolitical Arguments: Evaluating the 1996 U. S. Presidential Debates // Basic and Applied Social Psychology 24: 15–26, 2002.
232
Vallone R.P., Ross L., Lepper M.R. The Hostile Media Phenomenon: Biased Perception and Perceptions of Media Bias in Coverage of the Beirut Massacre // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 49: 577–585, 1985.
233
Lord C.G., Ross L., Lepper M.R. Biased Assimilation and Attitude Polarization: «The Effects of Prior Theories on Subsequently Considered Evidence» // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 37: 2098–2109, 1979.
234
Pyszczynski T., Greenberg J., Holt K. Maintaining Consistency Between Self-Serving Beliefs and Available Data: A Bias in Information Evaluation // Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 11: 179–190, 1985.
235
Ditto P.H., Lopez D.F. Motivated Skepticism: Use of Differential Decision Criteria for Preferred and Nonpreferred Conclusions // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 63: 568–584, 1992.
236
Там же.
237
Gilovich T. How We Know What Isn’t So: The Fallibility of Human Reason in Everyday Life. – New York: Free Press, 1991.
238
Agence-France-Presse. Italy: City Wants Happier Goldfish // New York Times, 24 July 2004, A5.
239
Wilson T.D. Strangers to Ourselves: Discovering the Adaptive Unconscious. – Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2002; Bargh J.A., Chartrand T.L. The Unbearable Automaticity of Being // American Psychologist 54: 462–479, 1999.
240
Nisbett R.E., Wilson T.D. Telling More Than We Can Know: Verbal Reports on Mental Processes // Psychological Review 84: 231–259, 1977; Bem D.J. Self-Perception Theory // Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, ed. L. Berkowitz, vol. 6. – New York: Academic Press, 1972; Gazzaniga M.S. The Social Brain. – New York: Basic Books, 1985; Wegner D.M. The Illusion of Conscious Will. – Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2003.
241
Higgins E.T. Rholes W.S., Jones C.R. Category Accessibility and Impression Formation // Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 13: 141–154, 1977.
242
Bargh J., Chen M., Burrows L. Automaticity of Social Behavior: Direct Effects of Trait Construct and Stereotype Activation on Action // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 71: 230–244, 1996.
243
Dijksterhuis A., van Knippenberg A. The Relation Between Perception and Behavior, or How to Win a Game of Trivial Pursuit // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74: 865–877, 1998.
244
Nisbett R.E., Wilson T.D. Telling More Than We Can Know: Verbal Reports on Mental Processes // Psychological Review 84: 231–259, 1977.
245
Schooler J.W., Ariely D., Loewenstein G. The Pursuit and Assessment of Happiness Can Be Self-Defeating // The Psychology of Economic Decisions: Rationality and Well-Being, eds. I. Brocas and J. Carillo, vol. 1. – Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
246
Ochsner K.N. et al. Rethinking Feelings: An fMRI Study of the Cognitive Regulation of Emotion // Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 14: 1215–1229, 2002.
247
Wegner D.M., Erber R., Zanakos S. Ironic Processes in the Mental Control of Mood and Mood-Related Thought // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 65: 1093–1104, 1993; Wegner D.M., Broome A., Blumberg S.J. Ironic Effects of Trying to Relax Under Stress // Behavior Research and Therapy 35: 11–21, 1997.
248
Gilbert D.T. et al. Immune Neglect: A Source of Durability Bias in Affective Forecasting // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 75: 617–638, 1998.
249
Там же.
250
Gilbert D.T. et al. Looking Forward to Looking Backward: The Misprediction of Regret // Psychological Science 15: 346–350, 2004.
251
Gilovich T., Medvec V.H. The Experience of Regret: What When and Why // Psychological Review 102: 379–395, 1995; Roese N. If Only: How to Turn Regret into Opportunity. – New York: Random House, 2004; Loomes G., Sugden R. Regret Theory: An Alternative Theory of Rational Choice Under Uncertainty // Economic Journal 92: 801–824, 1982; Bell D. Regret in Decision Making Under Uncertainty // Operations Research 20: 961–981, 1982.
252
Ritov I., Baron J. Outcome Knowledge, Regret and Omission Bias // Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 64: 119–127, 1998; Ritov I., Baron J. Probability of Regret: Anticipation of Uncertainty Resolution in Choice: Outcome Knowledge, Regret and Omission Bias // Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 66: 228–236, 1996; Zeelenberg M. Anticipated Regret, Expected Feedback and Behavioral Decision Making // Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 12: 93–106, 1999.
253
Crawford M.T. et al. Reactance, Compliance, and Anticipated Regret // Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 38: 56–63, 2002.
254
Simonson I. The Influence of Anticipating Regret and Responsibility on Purchase Decisions // Journal of Consumer Research 19: 105–118, 1992.
255
Medvec V.H., Madey S.F., Gilovich T. When Less Is More: Counterfactual Thinking and Satisfaction Among Olympic Medalists // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 69: 603–610, 1995; Kahneman D., Tversky A. Variants of Uncertainty // Cognition 11: 143–157, 1982.
256
Kahneman D., Tversky A. The Psychology of Preferences // Scientific American 246: 160–173.
257
Gilovich T., Medvec V.H. The Experience of Regret: What, When and Why // Psychological Review 102: 379–395.
258
Gilovich T., Medvec V.H., Chen S. Omission, Commission and Dissonance Reduction: Overcoming Regret in the Monty Hall Problem // Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 21:182–190, 1995.
259
Gerard H.B., Mathewson G.C. The Effects of Severity of Initiation on Liking for a Group: A Replication // Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 2: 278–287, 1966.
260
Zimbardo P.G. Control of Pain Motivation by Cognitive Dissonance // Science 151: 217–219, 1966.
261
См. также: Aronson E., Mills J. The Effect of Severity of Initiation on Liking for a Group // Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 59: 177–181, 1958; Freedman J.L. Long-Term Behavioral Effects of Cognitive Dissonance // Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 1: 145–155, 1965; Shaffer D.R., Hendrick C. Effects of Actual Effort and Anticipated Effort on Task Enhancement // Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 7: 435–447, 1971; Arkes H.R., Blumer C. The Psychology of Sunk Cost // Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 35: 124–140, 1985; Jost J.T. et al. Social Inequality and the Reduction of Ideological Dissonance on Behalf of the System: Evidence of Enhanced System Justification Among the Disadvantaged // European Journal of Social Psychology 33: 13–36, 2003.
262
Gilbert D.T. et al. The Peculiar Longevity of Things Not So Bad // Psychological Science 15: 14–19, 2004.
263
Frey D. et al. Re-evaluation of Decision Alternatives Dependent Upon the Reversibility of a Decision and the Passage of Time // European Journal of Social Psychology 14: 447–450, 1984; Frey D. Reversible and Irreversible Decisions: Preference for Consonant Information as a Function of Attractiveness of Decision Alternatives // Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 7: 621–626, 1981.
264
Wiggins S. et al. The Psychological Consequences of Predictive Testing for Huntington’s Disease // New England Journal of Medicine 327: 1401–1405, 1992.
265
Gilbert D.T., Ebert J.E.J. Decisions and Revisions: The Affective Forecasting of Changeable Outcomes // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 82: 503–514, 2002.
266
Brehm J.W. A Theory of Psychological Reactance. – New York: Academic Press, 1966.
267
Iyengar S.S., Lepper M.R. When Choice Is Demotivating: Can One Desire Too Much of a Good Thing? // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 79: 995–1006, 2000; Schwartz B. Self-Determination: The Tyranny of Freedom // American Psychologist 55: 79–88, 2000.
268
Pennebaker J.W. Writing About Emotional Experiences as a Therapeutic Process // Psychological Science 8: 162–166, 1997.
269
Pennebaker J.W., Mayne T.J., Francis M.E. Linguistic Predictors of Adaptive Bereavement // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 72: 863–871, 1997.
270
Wilson T.D. et al. The Pleasures of Uncertainty: Prolonging Positive Moods in Ways People Do Not Anticipate // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 88: 5–21, 2005.
271
Fischoff B. Hindsight =/= foresight: The Effects of Outcome Knowledge on Judgment Under Uncertainty // Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 1: 288–299, 1975; Anderson C.A., Lepper M.R., Ross L. Perseverance of Social Theories: The Role of Explanation in the Persistence of Discredited Information // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 39: 1037–1049, 1980.
272
Weiner B. Spontaneous’ Causal Thinking // Psychological Bulletin 97: 74–84, 1985; Hassin R.R., Bargh J.A., Uleman J.S. Spontaneous Causal Inferences // Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 38: 515–522, 2002.
273
Zeigarnik B. Das Behalten erledigter und unerledigter Handlungen // Psychologische Forschung 9: 1–85, 1927; Boguslavsky G.W. Interruption and Learning // Psychological Review 58: 248–255, 1951.
274
Wilson T.D. et al. The Pleasures of Uncertainty: Prolonging Positive Moods in Ways People Do Not Anticipate // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 88: 5–21, 2005.
275
Wirtz D. et al. What to Do on Spring Break? The Role of Predicted, Online and Remembered Experience in Future Choice // Psychological Science 14: 520–524, 2003; Bluck S. et al. A Tale of Three Functions: The Self-Reported Use of Autobiographical Memory // Social Cognition 23: 91–117, 2005.
276
Tversky A., Kahneman D. Availability: A Heuristic for Judgment Frequency and Probability // Cognitive Psychology 5: 207–232, 1973.
277
Sanna L.J., Schwarz N. Integrating Temporal Biases: The Interplay of Focal Thoughts and Accessibility Experiences // Psychological Science 15: 474–481, 2004.
278
Brown R., Kulik J. Flashbulb Memories // Cognition 5: 73–99, 1977; Blaney P.H. Affect and Memory: A Review // Psychological Bulletin 99: 229–246, 1986.
279
Miller D.T., Taylor B.R. Counterfactual Thought, Regret and Superstition: How to Avoid Kicking Yourself // What Might Have Been: The Social Psychology of Counterfactual Thinking, eds. N.J. Roese and J.M. Olson. – Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1995; Kruger J., Wirtz D., Miller D.T. Counterfactual Thinking and the First Instinct Fallacy // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (in press).
280
Buehler R., McFarland C. Intensity Bias in Affective Forecasting: The Role of Temporal Focus // Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 27: 1480–1493, 2001.
281
Morewedge C.K., Gilbert D.T., Wilson T.D. The Least Likely of Times: How Memory for Past Events Biases the Prediction of Future Events // Psychological Science 16: 626–630, 2005.
282
Fredrickson B.L., Kahneman D. Duration Neglect in Retrospective Evaluations of Affective Episodes // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 65: 45–55, 1993; Ariely D., Carmon Z. Summary Assessment of Experiences: The Whole Is Different from the Sum of Its Parts // Time and Decision, eds. G. Loewenstein, D. Read and R.F. Baumeister. – New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2003. P. 323–349.
283
Lepley W.M. Retention as a Function of Serial Position // Psychological Bulletin 32: 730, 1935; Murdock B.B. The Serial Position Effect of Free Recall // Journal of Experimental Psychology 64: 482–488, 1962; White T.L., Treisman M. A Comparison of the Encoding of Content and Order in Olfactory Memory and in Memory for Visually Presented Verbal Materials // British Journal of Psychology 88: 459–472, 1997.
284
Anderson N.H. Serial Position Curves in Impression Formation // Journal of Experimental Psychology 97: 8–12, 1973.
285
Kahneman D. et al. When More Pain Is Preferred to Less: Adding a Better Ending // Psychological Science 4: 401–405, 1993.
286
Christensen-Szalansky J.J. Discount Functions and the Measurement of Patients’ Values: Women’s Decisions During Childbirth // Medical Decision Making 4: 47–58, 1984.
287
Holmberg D., Holmes J.G. Reconstruction of Relationship Memories: A Mental Models Approach // Autobiographical Memory and the Validity of Retrospective Reports, eds. N. Schwarz and N. Sudman. – New York: Springer-Verlag, 1994. P. 267–288; McFarland C., Ross M. The Relation Between Current Impressions and Memories of Self and Dating Partners // Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 13: 228–238, 1987.