Фелипе Фернандес-Арместо - Цивилизации
824
Пер. М. Лозинского.
825
R. J. Harrison, The Beaker Folk: Copper Archaeology in Western Europe (London, 1980).
826
A. Burl, Megalithic Brittany (London, 1985).
827
Рене Гошинни и Альбер Удерзо — авторы знаменитого комикса «Астерикс», по мотивам которого поставлено несколько кинофильмов.
828
De Bello Gallico, 111,8.
829
S. Schama, The Embarrassment of Riches: an Interpretation of Dutch Culture in the Golden Age (New York, 1987), p. 263.
830
C. R. Boxer, The Dutch Seaborne Empire (New York, 1965), pp. 65–66, 80.
831
W. Kloosters, The Dutch in the Americas, 1600–1800 (Providence, RI, 1998), p. 7.
832
Ibid., p. 25.
833
Charles Davenant, приведено в Schama, op. cit., p. 224.
834
Boxer, op. cit., p. 4.
835
Kloosters, op cit., p. 23.
836
Boxer, op. cit., p. 90.
837
Ibid., p. 96.
838
Ibid, p. 236.
839
Schama, op. cit., p. 44.
840
Ibid., p. 38.
841
Boxer, op. cit., 171.
842
B. de Mandeville, The Fable of the Bees, ed. D. Garman (London, 1934), p. 144; отрывок в Schama, op. cit., 297.
843
Ibid., особ. pp. 310–311.
844
Mary W. Helms, Ulysses’ Sail: an Ethnographic Odyssey of Power; Knowledge and Geographical Distance (Princeton, 1988).
845
C. Renfrew, ‘Varna and the Social Context of Early Metallurgy’ в книге С. Renfrew, ed., Problems in European Prehistory (London, 1979), pp. 377–384; Le premier Or de Vhumanite en Bulgarie: Vе millenaire (Paris, 1989).
846
T. Heyerdahl and A. Skjolsvold, Archaeological Evidence of Pre-Spanish Visits to the Galapagos Islands (Oslo, 1990); T. Heyerdahl, American Indians in the Pacific: the Theory behind the Коп-tiki Expedition (London, 1952); C. Jack-Hinton, The Search for the Islands of Solomon, 1567–1838 (Oxford, 1969), pp. 24–27, 32–34.
847
A. Szaszdy Nagy, Los guias de Guanahani у la llegada de Pinion a Puerto Rico (Valladolid, 1995).
848
J. Perez de Tudela Bueso, Mirabilis in Altis: Estudio cri'tico sob re el origen у significado del proyecto descubridor de Cristobal Colon (Madrid, 1983).
849
Alexander Frater, Chasing the Monsoon (New York, 1991, p. 60).
850
Е. Blunden, A Hong Kong House: Poems 1951–1961 (London, 1962), p. 34.
851
D. J. Lu, ed., Japan: a documentary history (New Yoik, 1997), p. 19.
852
D. Keene, Anthology of Japanese Literature (New York, 1960), p. 29.
853
D. Keene, Travellers of a Hundred Ages (New York, 1989), p. 114.
854
Ibid., p. 179.
855
History of Wei, отрывок в Lu, ed., op. cit., p. 12.
856
D. M. Brown, ed., The Cambridge History of Japan, i: Ancient Japan (Cambridge, 1993), pp. 12.4, 131, 140–144.
857
Ibid., pp. 33, 207.
858
Ibid., pp. 312–315.
859
L. Smith, ed., Ukiyoe: Images of Unknown Japan (London, 1985), p. 39.
860
Muneshige Narazaki, Hokusai: ‘The Thirty-Six Views of Mount FuЛ (Tokyo, 1968), pp. 36–37; картину следует сопоставить с более мягким (и более поздним) изображением большой волны тем же художником. Hokusai, One Hundred Views of Mount FuЛ, ed. H. D. Smith II (New York, 1988), pp. 118–119, 205.
861
Keene, Travellers, op. cit., pp. 21–25.
862
T. J. Harper, ‘Bilingualism as Bisexualism’, в книге W. J. Boot, ed., Literatuur en Teetaligheid (Leiden, 1990), pp. 247–262. Я благодарю профессора Бута, обратившего мое внимание на эту работу и давшего мне эту книгу.
863
Keene, ed., op. cit., Anthology, pp. 82–91; о ритуалах примирения см. С. von Varschner, Les Relations officielles' du Japan avec la Chine aux VIIIе et IXе siecles (Geneva, 1985), pp. 40–45.
864
G. R. Tibbetts, Arab Navigation in the Indian Ocean before the Coming of the Portuguese (London, 1971).
865
M. Rice, Search for the Paradise Land: an Introduction to the Archaeology of Bahrain and the Persian Gulf (London, 1985); The Archaeology of the Arabian Gulf c. 5000-323 B.C. (London, 1994).
866
D. T. Potts, The Arabian Gulf in Antiquity, vol. ii (Oxford, 1990), pis 1 and 2.
867
Ibid., pis 5, 6 and 7.
868
G. W. B. Huntingford, ed., The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (London, The Hakluyt Society, 1980), p. 37.
869
G. Hourani, Arab Seafaring in the Indian Ocean in Ancient and Medieval Times (Princeton, 1995).
870
P. Crone and M. Cook, Hagarism: the Making of the Islamic World (Cambridge, 1977).
871
J. B. Harley and D. Woodward, eds, The History of Cartography (Chicago, in progress), vol. ii, part II: Cartography in the Traditional East and Southeast Asian Societies (1994).
872
M. Aung-Thwin, Pagan: the Origins of Modern Burma (Honolulu, 1985), pp. 104–105, 151.
873
K. R. Hall, Maritime Trade and State Development in Early Southeast Asia (Honolulu, 1985), p. 48.
874
J. Mirsky, The Great Chinese Travellers: an anthology (Chicago, 1974).
875
Ibid., p. 85.
876
O. W. Wolters, The Fall of Srivijaya in Malay History (Ithaca, 1970), P. 39.
877
Ibid., p. 10.
878
G. Coedes, Angkor: an Introduction (London, 1963), pp. 71–72.
879
J. Miksic, Borobudur: Golden Tales of the Buddha (Boston, 1990), p. 17.
880
Soekomono, Chandi Borobudur (Amsterdam and Paris, 1976), p. 17.
881
Miksic, op. cit., pp. 67–69.
882
Ibid., pp. 88, 91–93.
883
Wolters, op. cit., p. 19.
884
O. W. Wolters, Early Indonesian Commerce: a Study of the Origins of Sri Vijaya (Ithaca, 1967), p. 251; Hall, op. cit., p. 195.
885
T. Pigeaud, Java in the Fourteenth Century, 5 vols (The Hague, 1960), vol. iii, pp. 9-23, 97, 99; vol. iv, pp. 37, 547.
886
A. Reid, South-east Asia in the Age of Commerce, 1450–1680, 2 vols (Cambridge, 1988–1993), ii, pp. 39–45; P. Y. Manguin, ‘The Southeast Asian Ship: an Historical Approach’, в книге F. Fernandez-Armesto, ed., The Global Opportunity (Aldershot and Brookfield, Vt, 1995), pp. 33–43.
887
Hall, op. cit., p. 183.
888
Harley and Woodward, eds, op. cit., vol. ii, part I (1992), pp. 337, 397, plate 30; vol. ii, part II (1994), pp. 723–728.
889
The Jataka or Stories of the Buddha's Former Birth, ed. E. B. Cowell, 7 vols (Cambridge, 1895–1913), vol. i, pp. 10, 19–20; vol. ii, pp. 89–91; vol. iv, pp. 10–12, 86–90 (nos. 2, 4, 196, 442).
890
K. R. Hall, Trade and Statecraft in the Age of Colas (New Delhi, 1980), p. 166.
891
Ibid., p. 9; B. Stein, Peasant State and Society in Medieval South India (Delhi, 1980), p. 322.
892
Hall, Trade and Statecraft, op. cit., p. 193.
893
Ibid., p. 173.
894
В. K. Pandeya, Temple Economy under the Colas (c. 850-1070) (New Delhi, 1984), p. 38.
895
V. DeheЛa, Art of the Imperial Cholas (New York, 1990), p. xiv.
896
Ibid., pp. 79–80.
897
Cowell, ed., op. cit., vol. iii, pp. 123–125; vol. iv, pp. 86–90.
898
B. Chattopadhyaya, The Making of Early Medieval India (Delhi, 1997), p. 112.
899
M. Mehta, Indian Merchants and Entrepreneurs in Historical Perspective (Delhi, 1991), pp. 16–19, 35–36; V. K. Jain, Trade and Traders in Western India, AD 100-1300 (New Delhi, 1990), p. 84.
900
A. T. Embree, Sources of Indian Tradition, vol. i (New York, 1988), p. 74.
901
M. Mehta, Indian Merchants and Entrepreneurs in Historical Perspective (Delhi, 1991), pp. 18, 98.
902
Decadas da Asia, Dec. IV, book 5, ch. 1.
903
F. Femdndez-Armesto, ‘Naval Warfare after the Viking Age’, в книге М. H. Keen, ed, Medieval Warfare: a History (Oxford, 1999).
904
Marco Polo, The Travels, ed. R. Latham (Harmondsworth, 1968), p. 290.
905
Свидетельства восхитительно подытожены в G. Winius, Portugal the Pathfinder (Madison, 1995), pp. 119–120.
906
Mehta, op. cit., pp. 53–63.
907
H. R. Clark, Communities, Trade and Networks: Southern FuЛan Province from the Third to the Thirteenth Centuries (Cambridge, 1991), p. 65.
908
Ibid., p. 123.
909
E. B. Vermeer, Chinese Local History: Stone Inscriptions from Fukien in the Sung to Ch'ing Periods (Boulder, 1991), p. 156. О мостах см. также ‘The Great Granite Bridges of Fukien’ в книге С. R. Boxer, ed., South China in the Sixteenth Century (London, The Hakluyt Society, 1953), pp. 332–340, and L. Renchuan, ‘Fukien’s Private Sea Trade in the 16th and 17th Centuries’ в книге E. В. Vermeer, ed., Development and Decline of Fukien Province in the 17th and 18th Centuries (Leiden, 1990), pp. 163–215, особ. p. 167. Я благодарен профессору Леонарду Блиссе, позволившему мне воспользоваться этой работой, которая имеет большое значения для морской истории Фучжоу.
910
Clark, op. cit., p. 4.
911
Ibid., p. 135–140.
912
Аскезу внутреннего мира (нем.).
913
J. N. Green, ‘The Song Dynasty Shipwreck at Quanzhou, FuЛan Province, People’s Republic of China’, International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, xii (1983), pp. 253–261.
914
C. Pin-Tsun, ‘Maritime Trade and Local Economy in Late Ming Fukien’, в книге Vermeer, ed., op. cit., pp. 63–81, особенно p. 69.
