Фелипе Фернандес-Арместо - Цивилизации
648
M. G. Hodge, ‘Political Organization of Central Provinces’ в книге Berdan et al., op. cit., p. 29.
649
Мексиканское блюдо, толченая кукуруза с мясом и красным перцем.
650
B. de Sahagun, Historia general de las cosas de Nueva Espafia, ed. A. M. Garibay K(itana) (Mexico, 1989), p. 463.
651
М. E. Smith, The Aztecs (Oxford, 1997), pp. 69–79.
652
Стиль мексиканской народной музыки, а также группы и музыканты этого стиля.
653
J. R. Parsons, ‘The Role of Chinampa agriculture in the Food Supply of Aztec Tenochtitlan’, в книге С. E. Cleland, ed., Cultural Change and Continuity: Essays in Honor of James Bennett Griffin (New York, 1976), pp. 233–257.
654
J. Cooper Clark, ed., Codex Mendoza, 3 vols (London, 1931–1932), vol. i, fos 19–55; F. Berdan and J. de Durand-Forest, eds, Matncula de tributes: codice de Moctezuma (Codices Selecti, lxviii) (Graz, 1980).
655
C. Morris and D. E. Thompson, Huanuco Pampa: an Inca City and its Hinterland (London, 1985), p. 90.
656
P. Cieza de Leon, Cronicas del Peril, ed. F. Canm, 3 vols (Lima, 1987), vol. ii, p. 81; cm. vol. iii, pp. 226–227.
657
G. W. Conrad and A. A. Demarest, Religion and Empire: the Dynamics of Aztec and Inca Expansion (New York, 1984).
658
A. Chavero, ed., Lienzo de Tlaxcala (Mexico, 1979), plates 9, 10, 14, 21 etc.; в подготовленной к печати работе Дж. Е. Кича считает это доказательство ненадежным, в основном на базе прочтения В. Dfaz, op. cit., vol. ii, pp. 32–49, 54–57, и полагает, что испанцы играли важную роль в сражении. Я благодарен профессору Кичу за то, что он показал мне рукопись своей работы.
659
S. Lombardo de Ruiz et al., Atlas historico de la ciudad de Mexico, 2 vols (Mexico, 1996–1997), vol. i, pp. 214–285.
660
Samuel Johnson, Rasselas, отрывок в T. Packenham, The Mountains ofRasselas ((New York, 1959), p. 58).
661
Thomas Love Peacock, Headlong Hall, ch. 6 (The Novels of Thomas Love Peacock, ed. D. Garrett (London, 1963), p. 42).
662
L. Tregance, Adventures in New Guinea: the Narrative of Louis Tregance, a French Sailor, ed. H. Crocker (London, 1876).
663
J. Diamond, Guns, Germs and Steel: the Fates of Human Societies (London, 1997), pp. 146–150, 303.
664
B. Connolly and R. Anderson, First Contact (New York, 1987), p. 24.
665
Ibid., p. 29.
666
P. Brown, Highland Peoples of New Guinea (Cambridge, 1978), pp. 10–11.
667
M. Godelier, ‘Social hierarchies among the Baruya of New Guinea’, в книге A. Strathern, Inequality in New Guinea Highlands Societies (Cambridge, 1982), p. 6.
668
D. K. Feil, The Evolution of Highland Papua New Guinea Societies (Cambridge, 1987), p. 16.
669
J. Golson, ‘Kuk and the Development of Agriculture in New Guinea: Retrospection and Introspection’, в книге D. E. Yen and J. M. J. Mummery, eds, Pacific Production Systems: Approaches to Economic History (Canberra, 1983), pp. 139–147.
670
H. C. Brookfield, ‘The Ecology of Highland Settlement: Some Suggestions’, в книге J. В. Watson, ed., New Guinea: the Central Highlands (Menasha, Wisconsin, 1964) (American Anthropologist, lxvi, special number).
671
Feil, op. cit., pp. 27–30.
672
Connolly and Anderson, op. cit., p. 14.
673
C. R. Hallpike, Bloodshed and Vengeance in the Papuan Mountains: the Generation of Conflicts in Tauade Society (Oxford, 1977), pp. 229–231.
674
Ibid., p. 235; Diamond, op. cit., p. 277.
675
R. Rosaldo, Culture and Truth: the Remaking of Social Analysis (Boston, 1989), p. 1.
676
M. J. Harrier, The Jfvaro (New York, 1972).
677
J. de Barros, Asia, dec. I, bk X, ch. 1.
678
P. S. Garlake, ‘Pastoralism and Zimbabwe’, Journal of African History, xix, pp. 479–493.
679
D. T. Beach, The Shona and Zimbabwe (London, 1980).
680
W. G. L. Randies, The Empire of Monomotapa (Harare, 1981).
681
J. H. Kramers and G. Wiet, eds, Configuration de la terre (Beirut and Paris, 1964), vol. i, p. 56.
682
R. S. Whiteway, ed., The Portuguese Expedition to Abyssinia in 1541–1543 as Narrated by Castanhoso (London, The Hakluyt Society, 1902), p. 6.
683
D. S. Philippson, The Excavations at Aksum’, Antiquaries’ Journal, lxxv (1995), pp. 1-41.
684
C. F. Beckingham and G. W. B. Huntingford, eds, Some Records of Ethiopia (London, The Hakluyt Society, 1954), p. 45.
685
Y. M. Kobishanov, ‘Aksum: Political System, Economics and Culture, First to Fourth Century’ в книге G. Mokhtar, ed., Unesco History of Africa, vol. ii (Berkeley, 1981).
686
D. W. Philippson, ‘Aksum in Africa’, Journal of Ethiopian Studies, xxiii (1990), pp. 55–65.
687
K. Conti-Rossini, ed., Vitae Sanctorum Antiquorum, i (Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, xxvii) (Louvain, 1955), pp. 41, 47–48.
688
B. Turaiez, ed., Vitae Sanctorum Indigenarum, ii: Ada S. Aaronis et Philippi (Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, xxxi) (Louvain, 1955), p. 120.
689
R. K. P. Pankhurst, ed., The Ethiopian Royal Chronicles (Addis Ababa, 1967), pp. 47–48.
690
S. Kur and E. Cerulli, eds, Actes de lyasus Moa (Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, cclx) (1965), p. 45.
691
G. W. B. Huntingford, The Historical Geography of Ethiopia (Oxford, 1989), p. 54.
692
Ibid., p. 56.
693
Т. Т. Mehouria, ‘Christian Aksum’ в книге Mokhtar, ed., op. cit., p. 406.
694
Huntingford, op. cit., p. 59.
695
P. Marrassini, ‘Some Considerations on the Problem of the "Syriac Influences" on Aksumite Ethiopia’, Journal of Ethiopian Studies, xxiii (1990), pp. 35–46.
696
T. Mekouria, ‘The Horn of Africa’ в книге I. Hrbek, ed., Unesco General History of Africa, vol. iii (1992), p. 558.
697
G. W. B. Huntingford, ‘"The Wealth of Kings" and the End of the Zagwe Dynasty’, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, xxviii (1965), p. 6.
698
Mekouria, ‘The Horn’, op. cit., p. 566.
699
S. Munro-Hay, The Rise and Fall of Aksum: Chronological Considerations’, Journal of Ethiopian Studies, xxxiii (1990), pp. 47–53.
700
K. W. Butzer, Archaeology as Human Ecology: Method and Theory for a Contextual Approach (Cambridge, 1982), p. 145.
701
Huntingford, op. cit., p. 70.
702
Conti-Rossini, ed., op. cit., p. 4.
703
Pankhurst, op. cit., p. 9.
704
T. Tamrat in R. Oliver, ed., Cambridge History of Africa, vol. iii (1977), p. 112.
705
C. W. F. Beckingham and G. W. B. Huntingford, eds, The Prester John of the Indies, 2 vols (Cambridge, The Hakluyt Society, 1961), vol. i, pp. 266–307.
706
A. Kammerer, La Mer rouge, VAbyssinie et VArabie au XVIe et Xvie siecles, vol. iv (Cairo, 1947), p. 174.
707
Pankhurst, op. cit., pp. 91–93; Beckingham and Huntingford, eds, op. cit., pp. 125–127.
708
Это восхитительно, но неубедительно, по крайней мере в части иранской имперской идеи, оспорено Фогельзангом, который представляет империю Ахеменидов как источник кочевых традиций на восточной окраине Ирана. The Rise and Organisation of the Achaemenid Empire: the Eastern Iranian Evidence (Leiden, 1992).
709
Исайя 41:2.
710
R. C. Zaehner, The Dawn and Twilight of Zoroastrianism (New York, 1961), см. особенно pp. 170–172.
711
Ibid., p. 40.
712
C. Tuplin, The Parks and Gardens of the Achaemenid Empire’, Achaemenid Studies (Stuttgart, 1996), pp. 80-131.
713
W. Barthold, An Historical Geography of Iran (Princeton, 1984).
714
P. Bishop, The Myth of Shangri-La (Berkeley, 1989).
715
D. Snellgrove and H. Richardson, A Cultural History of Tibet (Boston, 1986), p. 60.
716
The Geography of Tibet according to the ‘Dzam-Gling-Rgyas-Bshad ed. Т. V. Wylie (Rome, 1962), p. 54.
717
S. Hedin, A Conquest of Tibet (New York, 1934), pp. 104–105.
718
P. Fleming, Bayonets to Lhasa (New York, 1961), pp. 102, 113, 121.
719
Snellgrove and Richardson, op. cit., p. 23.
720
Или скудные кустарники, преобразованные в землю добра и богатства. F. W. Thomas, ed., Tibetan Literary Texts and Documents Concerning Chinese Turkestan (London, 1935), pp. 59, 69, 261,275.
721
С. I. Beckwith, The Tibetan Empire in Central Asia: a history of the Struggle for Great Power among Tibetans, Turks, Arabs and Chinese during the Early Middle Ages (Princeton, 1987), p. 100.
722
Snellgrove and Richardson, op. cit., p. 28.
723
Beckwith, op. cit., p. 40.
724
Ibid., pp. 81–83.
725
Snellgrove and Richardson, op. cit., p. 64.
726
Beckwith, op. cit., p. 183.
727
Ibid., pp. 109–110.
728
R. A. Stein, Tibetan Civilisation (London, 1972), p. 241.
729
R. Grousset, The Empire of the Steppes (New Brunswick, 1970), p. 226.
730
O. Lattimore, Inner Asian Frontiers of China (New York, 1951), pp. 84–86.
731
W. Heissig, The Religions of Mongolia (London, 1980), pp. 24–38; F. Fernandez-Armesto, Millennium: A History of Our Last Thousand Years (New York, 1995), p. 306.
732
Stein, op. cit., pp. 138–139.
733
S. C. Rijnhart, With the Tibetans in Tent and Temple (Chicago, 1901).
734
Z. Ahmad, Sino-Tibetan Relations in the Seventeenth Century (Rome, 1970), p. 43; O. and E. Lattimore, Silks, Spices and Empire (New York, 1968), p. 141.
