Анетт Асп - Круто! Как подсознательное стремление выделиться правит экономикой и формирует облик нашего мира
337
Roderick, John. 2013. “Punk Rock Is Bullshit: How a Toxic Social Movement Poisoned Our Culture.” Seattle Weekly News, March 6. www.seattleweekly.com/2013–03–06/music/punk-rock-is-bullshit/.
338
Graeber, David. 2011. “Occupy Wall Street’s Anarchist Roots.” Aljazeera, November 20. www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2011/11/2011112872835904508.html.
339
Graeber, David. 2014. “Savage capitalism is back – and it will not tame itself.” The Guardian, May 30. www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/may/30/savage-capitalism-back-radical-challenge.
340
Liu, Catherine. 2011. American Idyll: Academic Antielitism as Cultural Critique. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press.
341
Gutfeld, Greg. 2014. Not Cool: The Hipster Elite and Their War on You. New York: Crown Forum.
342
Мы должны заметить, что помимо вклада, внесенного в компьютерную революцию, контркультура, конечно же, изменила общество и в других отношениях, в частности в области гражданских прав. Однако эти реформы нельзя назвать подлинной революцией. Таким образом, их можно рассматривать как пример кооптации.
343
Brand, Stewart. 1995. “We Owe It All to the Hippies.” Time, March 1. http://members.aye.net/~hippie/hippie/special_.htm.
344
Isaacson, Walter. 2011. Steve Jobs. New York: Simon & Schuster.
345
Подробную историю контркультуры и компьютерной революции см. в: Markoff, John. 2005. What the Dormouse Said: How the Sixties Counterculture Shaped the Personal Computer Industry. New York: Viking; and Turner, Fred. 2006. From Counterculture to Cyberculture: Stewart Brand, the Whole Earth Network, and the Rise of Digital Utopianism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
346
Права на интеллектуальную собственность FOSS регулируются сложно. Наше определение дано на основании лицензии GPL.
347
Linux Frequently Asked Questions. www.getgnulinux.org/en/linux/linux_faq/.
348
См.: National Democratic Institute. “Democracy and Technology.” https://www.ndi.org/democracy-and-technology.
349
Goldin, Claudia, and Lawrence F. Katz. 2008. The Race Between Education and Technology. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press.
350
Autor, D. H. 2014. “Skills, education, and the rise of earnings in equality among the ‘other 99 percent.’ ” Science 344:843–51.
351
Acemoglu, Daron, Ufuk Akcigit, and Murat Alp Celik. 2014. “Young, Restless and Creative: Openness to Disruption and Creative Innovations.” NBER Working Paper no. 19894.
352
Halmos, 1957, Measure of Man, p. 90.
353
Schatz, Robin. 2014. “How to Attract the Unconventional Worker.” Inc., www.inc.com/magazine/201406/robin-schatz/how-to-attract-unconventionalemployees.html.
354
В литературе об инновациях также встречаются противоречивые мнения касательно дизруптивных инноваций. См.: Lepore, Jill. 2014. “The Disruption Machine.” The New Yorker, June 23.
355
Sgourev, S. V. 2014. “How Paris gave rise to Cubism (and Picasso): Ambiguity and fragmentation in radical innovation.” Organization Science 24:1601–17.
356
Shontell, Alyson. 2012. “The 15 Coolest Offices.” Business Insider, January 13. www.businessinsider.com/15-coolest-offices-in-tech-2012–1?op=1.
357
См., например: the British Council, Creative Cities, http://creativecities.britishcouncil.org/creative-industries , и EU’s Creative Cities Project, www.creativecitiesproject.eu/en/index.shtml.
358
Moretti, 2012. The New Geography of Jobs. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
359
Иллюстрацию исчезновения и появления рабочих мест в период с 2003 по 2015 г. можно найти здесь: http://tipstrategies.com/geography-of-jobs/.
360
Moretti, 2012, New Geography of Jobs.
361
Gill, Rosalind. 2002. “Cool, creative and egalitarian? Exploring gender in project-based new media work in Europe.” Information, Communication & Society 5:70–89.
362
http://blog.notdot.net/tag/damn-cool-algorithms ; www.makeuseof.com/tag/7-cool-html-effects-that-anyone-can-add-to-their-website-nb/ ; www.zdnet.com/10-cool-android-apps-to-start-the-year-7000025635/ ; www.pinterest.com/mymodernmet/cool-diy-projects/ ; http://mashable.com/2014/03/05/boston-startups/.
363
Westcott, Kathryn. 2012. “Are ‘Geek’ and ‘Nerd’ Now Positive Terms?” BBC News Magazine. November 15. www.bbc.com/news/magazine-20325517.
364
Chaney, Jen. 2013. “ThinkGeek: The Nerd Company at a Crossroads.” The Washington Post. December 12. www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/thinkgeek-the-nerd-company-at-a-crossroads/2013/12/11/c7d579ba-4b12–11e3–9890-a1e0997fb0c0_story.html.
365
Green, Emma. 2103. “Mark Zuckerberg: Neither Republican, Democrat, nor Cool.” The Atlantic, September 18. www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/09/mark-zuckerberg-neither-republican-democrat-nor-cool/279809/.
366
Например, книга: Romero, Eric. 2012. Compete Outside the Box: The Unconventional Way to Beat the Competition. N.p.: KMFA Press.
367
Sengupta, Somini. 2012. “Why Is Everyone Focused on Zuckerberg’s Hoodie?” The New York Times, May 11. http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/05/11/why-is-everyone-focused-on-zuckerbergs-hoodie/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0.
368
См. такие сайты, как http://gizmodo.com/5653143/geeks-versus-hipsters ; www.becomecareer.com/geeks-hipsters ; https://blog.blogthings.com/2013/07/24/new-quiz-are-you-a-geek-or-a-hipster/.
369
Dar-Nimrod, Ilan, et al. 2012. “Coolness: An empirical investigation.” Journal of Individual Differences 33:175–85.
370
www.reuters.com/article/2011/09/06/us-americans-cool-survey-idUSTRE7852H320110906.
371
www.youtube.com/watch?v=PulUKsICY9o.
372
Согласно Google Trends.
373
Public Policy Polling, May 13, 2013. www.publicpolicypolling.com/PPP_Release_Hipsters_051313.pdf.
374
“Fire Brigade Called Out to Remove Dubai Hipster from Tight Red Pants.” 2012. The Pan-Arabia Inquirer, July 21. www.panarabiaenquirer.com/wordpress/fire-brigade-called-out-to-remove-hipster-from-tight-red-trousers/.
375
Meister, Jeanne. 2012. “Job Hopping Is the ‘New Normal’ for Millennials.” Forbes, August 14. http://www.forbes.com/sites/jeannemeister/2012/08/14/job-hopping-is-the-new-normal-for-millennials-three-ways-to-prevent-a-human-resource-nightmare/.
376
Castells, Manuel. 1996. The Rise of the Network Society, The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture Vol. I. Cambridge, MA; Oxford, UK: Blackwell; Castells, Manuel. 1997. The Power of Identity, The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture Vol. II. Cambridge, MA; Oxford, UK: Blackwell; Castells, Manuel. 1998. End of Millennium, The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture Vol. III. Cambridge, MA; Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
377
Davenport, Thomas. 2005. Thinking for a Living. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press.
378
Arbesman, Samuel. 2012. The Half Life of Facts. New York: Current Hardcover.
379
См.: https://www.collegeboard.org/delivering-opportunity/sat/redesign.
380
Например, Хит и Поттер рассматривают современную крутизну как преимущественно демонстративное сигнализирование согласно иерархии, которая сегодня определяется степенью крутизны. Heath, Joseph, and Andrew Potter. 2004. Nation of Rebels: Why Counterculture Became Consumer Culture. New York: HarperBusiness.
381
Berger, Jonah, and Morgan Ward. 2010. “Subtle Signals of Inconspicuous Consumption.” Journal of Consumer Research 37:555–69.
382
Manlow, Veronica. 2009. Designing Clothes: Culture and Organization of the Fashion Industry. New York: Transaction Publishers.
383
Ruffle, B. J., and Richard Sosis. 2007. “Does it pay to pray? Costly ritual and cooperation.” The BE Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 7: Iss.
384
См.: Featherstone, Mike. 1991. Consumer Culture and Postmodernism. London: Sage; McIntyre, R. 1992. “Consumption in contemporary capitalism: Beyond Marx and Veblen.” Review of Social Economy: 50:50–57.
385
Moretti, 2012, New Geography of Jobs.
386
Duncan, Fiona. 2014. “Normcore: Fashion for Those Who Realize They’re One in 7 Billion.” New York, February 26. http://nymag.com/thecut/2014/02/normcore-fashion-trend.html.
387
Duncan, 2014, “Normcore.”
388
Merelli, Annalisa. 2014. “A Brief History of Normcore and Other Things That Weren’t Things Before They Became Things.” Quartz, April 22. http://qz.com/201413/a-brief-history-of-normcore-and-other-things-that-werent-things-before-they-became-things/.
389
Frank, Thomas. 2014. “Hipsters, They’re Just Like Us! ‘Normcore,’ Sarah Palin, and the GOP’s Big Red State Lie.” Salon, April 27, www.salon.com/2014/04/27/hipsters_they%E2%80%99re_just_like_us_normcore_sarah_palin_and_the_gops_big_red_state_lie/.
390
“President Normcore: Obama Shops at Midtown Gap.” 2014. Gothamist, March 3. http://gothamist.com/2014/03/11/obama_does_normcore_president_shops.php#.
391
Purser, Craig. 2014. “Beer Industry Numbers Tell the Story of Effective Laws.” Roll Call, April 29. www.rollcall.com/news/beer_industry_numbers_tell_the_story_of_effective_laws_commentary-232381–1.html.
392
Schwartz, Barry. 2003. The Paradox of Choice. New York: Ecco.
393
Purser, 2014, “Beer Industry Numbers.”
394
Обзор и обсуждение некоторых спорных вопросов, касающихся обучения путем подражания у человека и других приматов, см.: Tomasello, Michael, Ann Cale Kruger, and Hilary Horn Ratner. 1993. “Cultural learning.” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:495–511; Byrne, Richard W., and Anne E. Russon. 1998. “Learning by imitation: A hierarchical approach.” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21:667–84; Horowitz, Alexandra C. 2003. “Do humans ape? Or do apes human? Imitation and intention in humans (Homo sapiens) and other animals.” Journal of Comparative Psychology 117:325–36.
