Фиона Хилл - Сибирское бремя
16 Northern Indicators, 2000. Published under the authority of the Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development. Ottawa, 2000 (http://www.ainkinac.gc.ca/pr/sts/pu2000_e.pdf).
17 Michael Lelyveld. Russia: Foreign Energy Investment Lagging in Ex-Soviet Region // RFE/RL. Feachers. 27 November 2002.
18 Vladimir Kontorovich. Can Russia Resettle the Far East? // Postcommunist Economies. 2000. Vol. 12. No 3. P. 374.
19 Ibid. P. 379.
20 Vladimir Kontorovich. Economic Crisis in the Russian Far East: Verdevelopment or Colonial Exploitation? // Post-Soviet Geography and Economics. 2001. Vol. 42. No. 6. P. 395, процитировано российским экономистом Юрием Пивоваровым.
21 Ibid. P. 400-401.
22 Ibid. P. 404.
23 Предложения В. Конторовича аналогичны предложениям известных российских аналитиков, которые критически относятся к подходу российского правительства к региону. См., например, рекомендации по российскому Северу Михаила Делягина, директора Московского института проблем глобализации, в: Sarah Karush. Harnessing the North // The Moscow Times. 28 November 2000.
24 Mikhail Alexseev. Socioeconomic and Security Implications of Chinese Migration in the Russian Far East // Post-Soviet Geography and Economics. 2001. Vol. 42. No 2. P. 95-111.
25 Несколько российских регионов уже признаны ЮНЕСКО местами всемирного наследия: девственные леса Коми в 1995 году, озеро Байкал в 1996-м, вулканы Камчатки в 1996-м, Золотые горы Алтая в 1998-м, части полуострова Камчатка в 2001 году, Центральный Сихоте-Алинь в Приморском крае также в 2001-м. Более подробно см. сайт ЮНЕСКО: http://www.unesc.org/whc.
26 Важно отметить различие между той разновидностью специального фонда, который предлагаем мы, от специализированных ресурсных фондов, учреждаемых в других странах. Штат Аляска, например, создал Корпорацию постоянного фонда Аляски (Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation; более подробно см. сайт: http://www.apfc.org) с целью перераспределения доходов от природных ресурсов среди населения штата. Дивиденды от фонда пополняют региональную экономику более чем на 10 миллиардов долларов, а их доля в годовом доходе некоторых жителей сельских районов штата составила все 10 процентов. Идею сибирского ресурсного фонда предполагается использовать для стимулирования отъезда людей из региона, а не на то, чтобы поощрить их оставатьс!я (что является целью Фонда Аляски). Этот фонд не должен быть фондом освоения Сибири и содержания ее жителей.
Приложение Б
1 Thomas С. Peterson and Russell S. Vose. An Overview of the Global Historical Climatology Network Temperature Database. P. 5 (http://www.ncdc.gov/ol/climate/research/ghcn/ghcnoverview.html).
2 Городские климатические данные Гидрометцентра России (http://meteo.mfos-pace.ru/climate/html/index.ssi).
3 John F. Griffiths. Some Problems of Regionality in Applications of Climate Change // Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Congress of Biometeorology. Ljubljana, Slovenia, September 1996. P. 384-390.
Приложение В
1 Славин С. В. Советский Север: Современное освоение и перспективы на будущее. М.: Прогресс, 1972. С. 38-39.
2 См., напр.: MichaelBradshaw. The Russian North in Transition: General Introduction // Post-Soviet Geography. April 1995. Vol. 36. No 4. P. 196.
3 Timothy Heleniak. Out-Migration and Depopulation of the Russian North during the 1990s // Post-Soviet Geography and Economics. April 1999. Vol. 40. No 3. P. 157.
Приложение Г
1 Tatiana Mikhailova. Where Russians Should Live: A Counterfactual Alternative to Soviet Location Policy. Unpublished paper. Pennsylvania State University (3 December 2002). Ph.D. diss.
2 См., напр.: Philip £ Graves. Migration and Climate // Journal of Regional Science. 1980. Vol. 20. No 2. P. 227-237; M. I. Cropper. The Value of Urban Amenities // Journal of Regional Science. 1981. Vol. 21. No 3. P 359—374; Jennifer Roback. Wages, Rents, and the Quality of Life // Journal of Political Economy. 1982. Vol 90. No 6. P. 1257-1979.
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