Оливер Стоун - Нерассказанная история США
43. The Beleaguered City // Los Angeles Times. – 1934. – July 17.
44. Strike Condemned by Coast Papers // New York Times. – 1934. – July 17.
45. Bain Read. Scientist as Citizen // Social Forces. – 1933. – № 11. – P. 413–414.
46. Kuznick Peter J. Beyond the Laboratory: Scientists as Political Activists in 1930s America. – Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987. – P. 101–102.
47. Bernstein, “The New Deal”, 271.
48. Warren Frank A. Liberals and Communism: The Red Decade Revisited. – Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966. – P. 6.
49. Dos Passos, John. Whither the American Writer // Modern Quarterly. – 1932. – № 6. – P. 11–12.
50. Подробнее о политике Гитлера и Сталина см.: Timothy Snyder. Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin. – NY: Basic Books, 2010. За время спровоцированного Сталиным голода на Украине в 1932–1933 годах умерли миллионы людей, тысячи занимались каннибализмом.
51. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear, 278–279.
52. Text of Roosevelt’s Closing Campaign Speech at Madison Square Garden // Baltimore Sun. – 1936. – November 1.
53. Kennedy, David M. Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929–1945. – NY: Oxford University Press, 1999. – P. 286.
54. President Sets a Record with Electoral Vote // Chicago Tribune. – 1936. – November 4.
55. Politics and Health // Nation. – 1938. – July 30. – P. 101.
56. National Health Program Offered by Wagner in Social Security Bill // New York Times. – 1939. – March 1.
57. Peter Kuznick, “Healing the Well-Heeled: The Committee of Physicians and the Defeat of the National Health Program in 1930’s America” (1989), неопубликованная работа; см. также: Kuznick, Beyond the Laboratory, 86–87.
58. Lichtman Alan J. White Protestant Nation: The Rise of the American Conservative Movement. – NY: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2008. – P. 68.
59. Там же. – P. 60–62.
60. Там же. – P. 69–70.
61. Schlesinger Arthur M., Jr. The Politics of Upheaval. – New York: Houghton Mifflin. – 1960. – P. 83; Gen. Butler Bares Fascist Plot to Seize Government by Force // New York Times. – 1934. – November 21.
62. Lichtman Alan J. Op. cit. – P. 70.
63. Olmsted Kathryn S. Real Enemies: Conspiracy Theories and American Democracy, World War I to 9/11. – NY: Oxford University Press, 2009. – P. 30.
64. Probing War’s Causes // Washington Post. – 1934. – April 14.
65. Cole Wayne. Senator Gerald P. Nye and American Foreign Policy. – Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1962. – P. 71–73.
66. Wilz John E. In Search of Peace: The Senate Munitions Inquiry, 1934-36. – Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1963. – P. 37.
67. Arms and the Men // Fortune. – 1934. – № 3. – P. 53.
68. Congress Gets Message // New York Times. – 1934. – May 19.
69. Greed, Intrigue Laid to War Materials Ring // Washington Post. – 1934. – June 23.
70. Munitions Control by the Government Favored by Senatorial Inquiry Group // New York Times. – 1934. – August 30.
71. $1,245,000,000 Work to Du Ponts in War // New York Times. – 1934. – September 13.
72. Robert C. Albright. Du Ponts Paid 458 Per Cent on War Profits // Washington Post. – 1934. – September 13.
73. Robert Albright. Reich Builds Big Air Force with U. S. Aid, Inquiry Hears // Washington Post. – 1934. – September 18.
74. Plan of Legion to Curb Profits of War Hailed // Washington Post. – 1934. – September 25.
75. Nye Plans to Abolish War Profit // Los Angeles Times. – 1934. – September 27.
76. Arms Inquiry Just Starting, Nye Declares // Washington Post. – 1934. – September 29.
77. Look Before Leaping // Washington Post. – 1934. – October 1.
78. Nye Asks 98 % Tax for War Incomes // New York Times. – 1934. – October 4.
79. Drexel Constance. State Ownership Not Arms Problem Remedy // Washington Post. – 1934. – December 4.
80. The Problem of Munitions // Chicago Tribune. – 1934. – December 18; Lippmann Walter. Today and Tomorrow // Los Angeles Times. – 1934. – December 16.
81. Roosevelt Asks Laws to Remove Profit from War // Los Angeles Times. – 1934. – December 13.
82. Clapper Raymond. Between You and Me // Washington Post. – 1934. – December 14.
83. Cole Wayne. Senator Gerald P. Nye and American Foreign Policy. – Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1962. – P. 80, 82.
84. 800 % War Profit Told at Inquiry; Du Pont Deal Up // Washington Post. – 1934. – December 14.
85. Senator Nye’s Third Degree // Chicago Tribune. – 1934. – December 24.
86. Roosevelt Backs Munitions Inquiry // New York Times. – 1934. – December 27.
87. Urge Continuing Munitions Inquiry // New York Times. – 1935. – January 11.
88. Grace Challenges 100 % War Tax Plan // New York Times. – 1935. – February 26; Huge War Profits Laid to Bethlehem // New York Times. – 1935. – February 27.
89. Barnard Eunice. Educators Assail Hearst ‘Influence’ // New York Times. – 1935. – February 25; Barnard Eunice. Nye Asks for Data for Press Inquiry // New York Times. – 1935. – February 28.
90. Speers L. C. Issue of War Profits Is Now Taking Form // New York Times. – 1935. – March 24; Albright Robert C. President Hears Drastic Plan to Take Profit Out of War // Washington Post. – 1935. – March 24; Cole Wayne. Senator Gerald P. Nye and American Foreign Policy. – Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1962. – P. 85.
91. House and Senate Clash on Drastic Bills to End All Profiteering in War // New York Times. – 1935. – April 3.
92. Hostility to War Rules House Votes as Army Parades // New York Times. – 1935.– April 7.
93. Krock Arthur. In the Nation // New York Times. – 1935. – April 11.
94. Hedging on Aims Denied by Baruch // New York Times. – 1935. – April 17.
95. Nye Submits Bill for Big War Taxes // New York Times. – 1935. – May 4.
96. The Communistic War Bill // Chicago Tribune. – 1935. – September 18.
97. Baker Newton D. Our Entry into the War // New York Times. – 1935. – November 13.
98. Lamont Thomas W. Mr. Lamont Excepts // New York Times. – 1935. – October 25.
99. 2 Morgan Aides Deny Blocking Arms Inquiry // Washington Post. – 1936. – January 7.
100. 2 Morgan Aides Deny Blocking Arms Inquiry // Washington Post. – 1936. – January 7; Morgan Testifies as Nye Bares Data on War Loans Curbs // New York Times. – 1936. – January 8.
101. Bruner Felix. Nye Assailed as Senators Leave Arms Investigation // Washington Post. – 1936. – January 17.
102. Southerner Shakes with Rage as He Defends Chief in Senate // Washington Post. – 1936. – January 18.
103. Funds Spent, Nye Declares Arms Inquiry Is Postponed // Washington Post. – 1936. – January 20.
104. Senate Votes Funds for Nye Wind-up // New York Times. – 1936. – January 31.
105. Tucker Ray. Hard Road to Peace Revealed by Inquiry // New York Times. – 1936.– February 9.
106. An Inquiry Ends Well // New York Times. – 1936. – February 9.
107. Nye Denies Inquiry ‘Cleared’ Morgan // New York Times. – 1936. – February 10.
108. Gallup George. 82 % Majority Votes to End Profit of War // Washington Post. – 1936. – March 8.
109. Munitions Report May Challenge Arms Industry // Atlanta Constitution. – 1936. – March 8.
110. On Nationalizing Munitions // Washington Post. – 1936. – March 9.
111. Cole Wayne. Senator Gerald P. Nye and American Foreign Policy. – Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1962. – P. 91–92.
112. Nye Group Urges U. S. Set Up Its Own Gun Plants // Chicago Tribune. – 1936. – April 21.
113. Wallace Max. The American Axis: Henry Ford, Charles Lindbergh, and the Rise of the Third Reich. – New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2003. – P. 226.
114. Tedlow Richard S. The Watson Dynasty: The Fiery Reign and Troubled Legacy of IBM’s Founding Father and Son. – New York: HarperCollins, 2003. – P. 129.
115. British, Nazi Trade Groups Reach Accord // Chicago Tribune. – 1939. – March 17.
116. Kreps Theodore J. Cartels, a Phase of Business Haute Politique // American Economic Review. – 1945. – № 35. – P. 297.
117. Maney Kevin. The Maverick and His Machine: Thomas Watson Sr. and the Making of IBM. – NY: John Wiley & Sons, 2003. – P. 206.
118. Ford Says It’s All a Bluff // New York Times. – 1939. – August 29; Wallace Max. The American Axis: Henry Ford, Charles Lindbergh, and the Rise of the Third Reich. – NY: St. Martin’s Press, 2003. – P. 219.
119. Пресс-секретарь GM Джон Мюллер заявил, что в сентябре 1939 года компания утратила ежедневный контроль над своими операциями в Германии; об этом см.: Dobbs, Michael. Ford and GM Scrutinized for Alleged Nazi Collaboration // Washington Post. – 1998. – November 30; Wallace, Max. The American Axis: Henry Ford, Charles Lindbergh, and the Rise of the Third Reich. – NY: St. Martin’s Press, 2003. – P. 332; Bradford Snell, “American Ground Transport”, U. S. Senate, Committee on the Judiciary, February 26, 1974, 17–18.
120. Snell, “American Ground Transport”, 16.
121. Black Edwin. Nazi Nexus: America’s Corporate Connections to Hitler’s Holocaust. – Washington, DC: Dialog Press, 2009. – P. 9.
122. Black Edwin. Op. cit. – P. 10.; Dobbs Michael. Ford and GM Scrutinized for Alleged Nazi Collaboration // Washington Post. – 1998. – November 30.
123. Lombardo Paul A. A Century of Eugenics in America. – Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2011. – P. 100; Proctor Robert N. Racial Hygiene: Medicine Under the Nazis. – Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1988.
124. Black Edwin. Op. cit. – P. 34–35.
125. Kevles Daniel J. In the Name of Eugenics: Genetics and the Uses of Human Heredity. – NY: Alfred A. Knopf, 1985. – P. 111; Edwin Black. Op. cit. – P. 25.
126. Kevles Daniel J. Op. cit. – P. 116.
127. Aris Ben, Campbell Duncan. How Bush’s Grandfather Helped Hitler’s Rise to Power // Guardian. – 2004. – September 25; Wallace Max. Op. cit. – P. 349.
128. Edwin Black. Nazi Nexus: America’s Corporate Connections to Hitler’s Holocaust. – Washington, DC: Dialog Press, 2009. – P. 119; Snell, “American Ground Transport”, 22.
129. Research Findings About Ford-Werke Under the Nazi Regime (Dearborn, MI: Ford Motor Company, 2001), i, 121–122, http: // media.ford.com/events/pdi/0_Research_ Finding_Complete.pdf.
130. Jason Weixelbaum, “The Contradiction of Neutrality and International Finance: The Presidency of Thomas H. McKittrick at the Bank for International Settlements in Basle, Switzerland 1940–1946”, http: // jasonweixelbaum.wordpress.com/_ftn85.
131. Dobbs Michael. Ford and GM Scrutinized. Op. cit.
132. Johnson Robert David. The Peace Progressives and American Foreign Relations. – Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995. – P. 292.
133. Herring George C. From Colony to Superpower: U. S. Foreign Relations Since 1776. – NY: Oxford University Press, 2008. – P. 503–504.
134. Kennedy David M. Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929–1945. – NY: Oxford University Press, 1999. – P. 395–396.
135. Shirer William L. The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany. – NY: Simon & Schuster, 1960. – P. 293.
136. Tierney Dominic. FDR and the Spanish Civil War: Neutrality and Commitment in the Struggle that Divided America. – Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2007. – P. 68–69.
137. Kennedy David M. Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929–1945. – NY: Oxford University Press, 1999. – P. 398–400.
Глава 3. Вторая мировая война: кто на самом деле победил Германию?1. The Debate in Commons // New York Times. – 1938. – October 4.
2. Reynolds David. From Munich to Pearl Harbor: Roosevelt’s America and the Origins of the Second World War. – NY: Ivan R. Dee, 2001. – P. 42–49.
3. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, http: // www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/ article.php? ModuleId=10007411.
4. Kluckhohn Frank L. Line of4,500 Miles // New York Times. – 1940. – September 4.
5. Kennedy David M. Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929–1945. – NY: Oxford University Press, 1999. – P. 456.
6. Culver John C., Hyde John. American Dreamer: The Life and Times of Henry A. Wallace. – NY: W. W. Norton, 2000. – P. 123–125.
7. Schlesinger Arthur, Jr. Who Was Henry A. Wallace? The Story of a Perplexing and Indomitably Naïve Public Servant // Los Angeles Times. – 2000. – March 12.
8. Kuznick Peter J. Beyond the Laboratory: Scientists as Political Activists in 1930s America. – Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987. – P. 184–186, 205–206.
9. Rosenman Samuel I. Working with Roosevelt. – NY: Harper & Brothers, 1952. – P. 218.
10. Culver John C., Hyde John. American Dreamer: The Life and Times of Henry A. Wallace. – NY: W. W. Norton, 2000. – P. 222–223.
11. Hurd Charles. President Moves // New York Times. – 1940. – March 31.
12. Bookman George. President Says Program Would Eliminate ‘Silly Foolish Dollar Sign’ // Washington Post. – 1940. – December 18.
13. Mrs. Roosevelt Rebukes Congressmen of G.O.P. // Los Angeles Times. – 1941. – January 8.
14. Hoover Scores Surrender of Congress // Washington Post. – 1941. – January 11.
