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Дженнифер Джекет - Зачем нам стыд? Человек vs. общество

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75

Eric Posner, «Symbols, Signals, and Social Norms in Politics and the Law,» Journal of Legal Studies 27, no. S2 (1998): 765–797.

76

Christine Ingebritsen, «Norm Entrepreneurs: Scandinavia's Role in World Politics,» Cooperation and Conflict 37, no. 1 (2002): 11–23.

77

Robert Metz, «Market Place; Aiding Hostile Takeover Bids,» New York Times, December 28, 1981.

78

David Skeel, «Shaming in Corporate Law,» University of Pennsylvania Law Review 149 (2001): 1811–1868.

79

Joseph Henrich, Jean Ensimger, Richard McElreath, et al., «Markets, Religion, Community Size, and the Evolution of Fairness and Punishment,» Science 327, no. 5972 (2010): 1480–1484.

80

Uri Gneezy and Aldo Rustichini, «A Fine Is a Price,» The Journal of Legal Studies 29, no. 1 (2000): 1–17.

81

Armin Falk and Nora Szech, «Morals and Markets,» Science 340, no. 6133 (2013): 707–711.

82

Roland Fryer, «Financial Incentives and Student Achievement: Evidence from Randomized Trials,» Quarterly Journal of Economics 126, no. 4 (2011): 1755–1798.

83

Michael J. Sandel, «What Isn't for Sale?» The Atlantic, February 27, 2012.

84

Josep Call, Juliane Bräuer, Juliane Kaminski, and Michael Tomasello, "Domestic Dogs (Canis Familiaris) Are Sensitive to the Attentional State of Humans," Journal of Comparative Psychology 117, no. 3 (2003): 257–263.

85

Arata Kochi, «Tuberculosis Control – Is DOTS the Health Breakthrough of the 1990s?» World Health Forum 18, no. 3–4 (1997): 225–232.

86

Azim F. Shariff and Ara Norenzayan, «God Is Watching You: Priming God Concepts Increases Prosocial Behavior in an Anonymous Economic Game,» Psychological Science 18, no. 9 (2007): 803–809.

87

Jesse M. Bering, «The Folk Psychology of Souls,» Brain and Behavioral Sciences 29, no. 5 (2006): 453–462.

88

Max Ernest-Jones, Daniel Nettle, and Melissa Bateson, «Effects of Eye Images on Everyday Cooperative Behavior: A Field Experiment,» Evolution and Human Behavior 32 (2011): 172–198.

89

Damien Francey and Ralph Bergmüller, «Images of Eyes Enhance Investments in a Real-Life Public Good,» PLOS ONE 7, no. 5 (2012): e37397.

90

Kevin J. Haley and Daniel M. T. Fessler, «Nobody's Watching? Subtle Cues Can Affect Generosity in an Anonymous Economic Game,» Evolution and Human Behavior 26, no. 3 (2005): 245–256.

91

Adriaan R. Soetevent, «Anonymity in Giving in a Natural Context – A Field Experiment in 30 Churches,» Journal of Public Economics 89, no. 11–12 (2005): 2301–2323.

92

Barry Webb and Gloria Laycock, Reducing Crime on the London Underground: An Evaluation of Three Pilot Projects, Crime Reduction Unit Paper 30 (London: HMSO, 1992).

93

Dominique J.-F. de Quervain, Urs Fischbacher, Valerie Treyer, et al., «The Neural Basis of Altruistic Punishment,» Science 305, no. 5688 (2004): 1254–1258.

94

Glenn Greenwald, «The Untouchables: How the Obama Administration Protected Wall Street from Prosecutions,» Guardian, January 23, 2013.

95

Jesse Eisenger, «Why Only One Top Banker Went to Jail for the Financial Crisis,» New York Times Magazine, April 30, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/04/magazine/only-one-top-banker-jail-financial-crisis. html? _r=0.

96

Hank Davis, "Theoretical Note on the Moral Development of Rats (Rattus Norvegicus)," Journal of Comparative Psychology 103, no. 1 (1989): 88–90.

97

Michael Lachmann and Carl T. Bergstrom, "The Disadvantage of Combinatorial Communication, "Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 271, no. 1555 (2004): 2337–2343.

98

Sievert Rohwer, «Status Signaling in Harris Sparrows: Some Experiments in Deception,» Behaviour 61, no. 1–2 (1977): 107–129.

99

Benjamin Alamar and Stanton A. Glantz, «Effects of Increased Social Unacceptability of Cigarette Smoking on Reduction in Cigarette Consumption,» American Journal of Public Health 96, no. 8 (2006): 1359–1363.

100

Alan S. Gerber, Donald P. Green, and Christopher W. Larimer. «Social Pressure and Voter Turnout: Evidence from a Large-Scale Field Experiment,» American Political Science Review 102, no. 1 (2008): 33–48.

101

Costas Panagopoulos, «Affect, Social Pressure and Prosocial Motivation: Field Experimental Evidence of the Mobilizing Effects of Pride, Shame and Publicizing Voting Behavior,» Political Behavior 32 (2010): 369–386.

102

Kenneth Roth, «Defending Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: Practical Issues Faced by an International Human Rights Organization,» Human Rights Quarterly 26, no. 1 (2004): 63–73.

103

Brian Elbel, Glen B. Taksler, and Tod Mijanovich, «Promotion of Healthy Eating Through Public Policy: A Controlled Experiment,» American Journal of Preventive Medicine 45, no. 1 (2013): 49–55.

104

Pirjo Pietinen, Liisa M. Valsta, Tero Hirvonen, and Harri Sinkko, «Labelling the Salt Content in Foods: A Useful Tool in Reducing Sodium Intake in Finland,» Public Health Nutrition 11, no. 4 (2007): 335–340.

105

Saira Mohamed, «Shame in the Security Council,» Washington University Law Review 90, no. 4 (2013): 1191.

106

Stephen J. Dubner, «Another Way to Encourage Voting,» Freakonomics, November 17, 2006, www.freakonomics.com/2006/11/17/another-way-to-encourage-voting.

107

Alexander Dyck, Natalya Volchkova, and Luigi Zingales, «The Corporate Governance Role of the Media: Evidence from Russia,» Journal of Finance 63, no. 3 (2008): 1093–1135.

108

Polly Wiessner, «Norm Enforcement Among the Ju/'hoansi Bushmen,» Human Nature 16, no. 2 (2005): 115–145.

109

Michiko Kakutani, «Is Jon Stewart the Most Trusted Man in America?» The New York Times, August 15, 2008.

110

David A. Skeel, «Shaming in Corporate Law,» University of Pennsylvania Law Review 149 (2001): 1811–1868.

111

Tiffany C. Davenport, Alan S. Gerber, Donald P. Green, et al., «The Enduring Effects of Social Pressure: Tracking Campaign Experiments over a Series of Elections,» Political Behavior 32 (2010): 423–430.

112

Я глубоко признательна Джорджу Дайсону за ценные мысли об истории и будущем цифровых технологий. См. также: Turing's Cathedral (New York: Pantheon 2012).

113

Marshall McLuhan, The Gutenberg Galaxy (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1962).

114

Associated Press, «Checking Cheats: China Plans Marriage Database,» The China Post, January 6, 2011, www.chinapost.com.tw/china/national-news/2011/01/06/286518/Checking-cheats.htm.

115

Milan Kundera, Testaments Betrayed: An Essay in Nine Parts, trans. Linda Asher (New York: Perennial, 1996), 257–258.

116

Toni Massaro, «The Meanings of Shame: Implications for Legal Reform Psychology,» Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 3, no. 4 (1997): 645.

117

Laura Holson, «The New Court of Shame Is Online,» New York Times, December 26, 2010.

118

«Top 500 Delinquent Taxpayers,» State of California Franchise Tax Board, www.ftb.ca.gov/aboutFTB/Delinquent_Taxpayers. shtml.

119

Thomas Moyher and Robert T. Szyba, «From the Rat to the Mouse: How Secondary Picketing Laws May Apply in the Computer Age,» Hofstra Labor and Employment Law Journal 26 (2008): 271–300.

120

Mitchell Kapor, «Civil Liberties in Cyberspace: When Does Hacking Turn from an Exercise of Civil Liberties into Crime?» Scientific American, September 1991.

121

Barb Darrow, «Huffington Post to End Anonymous Comments,» Gigaom, gigaom.com/2013/08/21/huffington-post-to-end-anonymous-comments/.

122

Michele Ybarra, Marie Diener-West, and Philip J. Leaf, «Examining the Overlap in Internet Harassment and School Bullying: Implications for School Intervention,» Journal of Adolescent Health 41: S42 – S50.

123

Kipling D. Williams, Christopher K. T. Cheung, and Wilma Choi, «Cyberostracism: Effects of Being Ignored over the Internet,» Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 79, no. 5 (2000): 748–762.

124

Janis Wolak, Kimberly J. Mitchell, and David Finkelhor, «Does Online Harassment Constitute Bullying? An Exploration of Online Harassment by Known Peers and Online-Only Contacts,» Journal of Adolescent Health 41 (2007): S51 – S58.

125

Alexander Staller and Paolo Petta, «Introducing Emotions into the Computational Study of Social Norms: A First Evaluation,» Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation 4, no. 1 (2001).

126

В Великобритании ученый наблюдал за посетителями игротеки с 303 игорными автоматами в течение четырех шестичасовых периодов. Лишь девять игроков проявляли агрессивность. В 38,2 и 37,6 % случаев соответственно наблюдалась вербальная и физическая агрессия, направленная на автомат, в 10,7 % – вербальная агрессия в адрес сотрудников игорной зоны и в 13,5 % – в адрес других игроков. Adrian Parke and Mark Griffiths, «Aggressive Behaviour in Slot Machine Gamblers: A Preliminary Observational Study,» Psychological Reports 95, no. 1 (2004): 109–114.

127

Richard A. Lanham, The Economics of Attention: Style and Substance in the Age of Information (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007).

128

Alex Callinicos, Theories and Narratives: Reflections on the Philosophy of History (Durham, N. C.: Duke University Press, 1995).

129

Frances Wilson, How to Survive the Titanic, or The Sinking of J. Bruce Ismay (London: Bloomsbury, 2011). Это художественно изложенная биография Исмея, дополненная убедительной литературоведческой статьей, свидетельствующей, что Джозеф Конрад в своем четвертом романе «Лорд Джим», изданном в 1900 году, предвосхитил роковую судьбу Исмея.

130

Norbert L. Kerr, Ann C. Rumble, Ernest S. Park, et al., «How Many Bad Apples Does It Take to Spoil the Whole Barrel? Social Exclusion and Toleration for Bad Apples,» Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 45, no. 4 (2009): 603–613.

131

Redouan Bshary, «Biting Cleaner Fish Use Altruism to Deceive Image-Scoring Client Reef Fish,» Proceedings of the Royal Society London B 269, no. 1505 (2002): 2087–2093.

132

Adam Waytz and Liane Young, «The Group Member Mind Tradeoff: Attributing Minds to Groups Versus Group Members,» Psychological Science 23, no. 1 (2012), 77–85.

133

Milton Friedman, «The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits,» New York Times Magazine, September 13, 1970.

134

Alan G. Sanfey, James K. Rilling, Jessica A. Aronson, et al., «The Neural Basis of Economic Decision-Making in the Ultimatum Game,» Science 300, no. 5626 (2003): 1755–1758. См. также: James K. Rilling, Alan G. Sanfey, Jessica A. Aronson, et al., «The Neural Correlates of Theory of Mind Within Interpersonal Interactions,» NeuroImage 22, no. 4 (2004): 1694–1703.

135

Mascha van't Wout, René S. Kahn, Alan G. Sanfey, and André Aleman, «Affective State and Decision-Making in the Ultimatum Game,» Experimental Brain Research 169 (2006): 564–568.

136

Olwen A. Bedford, «The Individual Experience of Guilt and Shame in Chinese Culture,» Culture & Psychology 10, no. 1 (2004): 29–52.

137

Kalvero Oberg, «Crime and Punishment in Tlingit Society,» American Anthropologist 36, no. 2 (1934): 145–156.

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