Говард Рейнгольд - Умная толпа
52. Stewart Brand, «Founding Father: Interview with Paul Baran», Wired 9.03, March 2001, «http://www.wired.eom/wired/archive/9.03/ baran.html» (13 May 2001).
53. Ling and Yttri, «Hyper-Coordination via Mobile Phones in Norway».
54. Mark Aakhus and James Katz, eds., Perpetual Contact: Mobile Communication, Private Talk and Public Performance (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002).
55. Erving Goffman, The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (Garden City, N. Y: Doubleday, 1959).
56. Ling and Yttri, «Hyper-Coordination via Mobile Phones in Norway», 159.
57. Garfalk, «Kids on the Move».
58. Alex S. Taylor and Richard Harper, «Talking 'Activity': Young People and Mobile Phones», paper presented at the CHI 2001 (Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems), Seattle, 31 March-5 April 2001, «http://www.es.colorado.edu/~palen/chi_workshop/papers/ TaylorHarper.pdf» (24 February 2002).
59. Ling and Yttri, «Hyper-Coordination via Mobile Phones in Norway».
60. Alexandra Weilenmann and Catrine Larsson, «Local Use and Sharing of Mobile Phones», in Wireless World: Social and Interactional Aspects of the Mobile Age, ed. B. Brown et al. (London: Springer-Verlag, 2001), 95.
61. Marko Ahtisaari, «Social Mobility», Out of the Blue — The J. Walter Thompson Magazine for Europe, Winter 2000/2001, 26.
62. Leslie Haddon, «The Social Consequences of Mobile Telephony: Framing Questions», in The Social Consequences of Mobile Telephony The Proceedings from a Seminar About Society, Mobile Telephony and Children, Telenor R amp;D N 38/2000, eds. Rich Ling and Kristin Trane, 26 June 2000, 2-6, «http://www.telenor.no/fou/prosjekter/Fremtidens_Brukere/ seminarer/mobilpresentasjoner/Proceedings%20_FoU%20notat_.pdf» (31 January 2002).
63. Erving Goffman, «Alienation from Interaction», in Communication and Culture, ed. Alfred G. Smith (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1966).
64. Plant, «On the Mobile».
65. Leysia Palen, Marilyn Salzman, and Ed Youngs, «Discovery and Integration of Mobile Communications in Everyday Life», Personal and Ubiquitous Computing Journal, vol. 5 (2001): 109-122, «http://www.cs.colorado.edu/%7Epalen/Papers/cscwPalen.pdf» (5 February 2002).
Глава 2
1. David Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature, ed. Ernest С Mossner (New York: Viking, 1986).
2. Netscan, «http://netscan.research.microsoft.com» (5 February 2002).
3. Howard Rheingold, The Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier (Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1993).
4. Erving Goffman, The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (Garden City, N. Y: Doubleday, 1959).
5. Matt Ridley, The Origins of Virtue: Human Instincts and the Evolution of Cooperation (London: Penguin, 1996).
6. Garrett Hardin, «The Tragedy of the Commons», Science 16? (13 December 1968): 1243-1248.
7. Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, ed. Richard E. Flathman and David Johnston (New York: W. W Norton, 1997) [на рус. яз. Томас Гоббс. Сочинения в 2 т. М.: Мысль, 1991, т. 2].
8. John Locke, Two Treatises of Government (New York: Prentice-Hall, 1952) [на рус. яз.: Два трактата о правлении // Джон Локк. Соч. в 3 т. / Пер. с англ Е. Лагутина и А. Субботина. — М., 1985-1988. — Т. 3].
9. Mancur Olson Jr., The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Group (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1965) [на рус. яз.: Манкурю О. Логика коллективных действий: Общественные блага и теория групп / Пер. с англ. Е. Окороченко. — М.: Фонд экономических инициатив (ФЭИ), 1995].
10. Mancur Olson Jr., «The Logic of Collective Action», in Rational Man and Irrational Society, ed. Brian Barry and Russell Hardin (Beverly Hills, Calif: Sage, 1982), 44.
11. Elinor Ostrom, Governing the Commons. The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990).
12. Ridley, The Origins of Virtue.
13. Ostrom, Governing the Commons, 27.
14. H. Scott Gordon, «The Economic Theory of a Common-Property Resource: The Fishery», Journal of Political Economy 62 (1954): 124-142; Anthony D. Scott, «The Fishery: The Objectives of Sole Ownership», Journal of Political Economy 65 (1955): 116-124.
15. Charlotte Hess, «Is There Anything New Under the Sun? A Discussion and Survey of Studies on New Commons and the Internet», presented at Constituting the Commons: Crafting Sustainable Commons in the New Millennium, the Eighth Conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property, Bloomington, Indiana, 31 May-4 June 2000.
16. Ostrom, Governing the Commons, 25.
17. Marc A. Smith, «Mapping Social Cyberspaces: Measures and Maps of Usenet, a Computer Mediated Social Space» (Ph. D. diss., UCLA, 2001), 18.
18. Thomas Henry Huxley, «The Struggle for Existence in Human Society», in Evolution and Ethics, and Other Essays (London, 1894), 202-218.
19. Peter Kropotkin, Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution (Montreal: Black Rose Books, 1989), 78.
20. Stephen J. Gould, Bully for Brontosaurus: Reflections on Natural History (New York: W. W. Norton, 1991).
21. Kropotkin, Mutual Aid, 171.
22. J. Paradis and G. С Williams, Evolution and Ethics: Т. Н. Huxley's Evolution and Ethics with New Essays on Its Victorian and Sociobi-ological Context (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989).
23. W. D. Hamilton, «The Genetical Evolution of Social Behavior», Journal of Theoretical Biology 7 (1964): 1-52.
24. Richard Dawkins, The Selfish Gene (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1976).
25. Hobbes, Leviathan, 95. Левиафан, часть II «О государстве», глава XVII, «О причинах, возникновении и определении государства» // Т. Гоббс. Соч. в 2 т. / Пер. на рус. яз. А. Гутермана. — М.: Мысль, 1991. — Т. 2. — С. 132.
26. John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern, Theory of Games and Economic Behavior (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1944) [рус. пер.: Теория игр и экономическое поведение. М.: Наука, 1970].
27. William Poundstone, Prisoner's Dilemma: John von Neumann, Game Theory, and the Puzzle of the Bomb (New York: Doubleday, 1992).
28. J. Bronowski, The Ascent of Man (Toronto: Little, Brown, 1973).
29. Herman Kahn, On Thermonuclear War (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1960).
30. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, A Discourse on Inequality (London: Penguin, 1984). [на рус. яз.: Рассуждение о происхождении и основаниях неравенства между людьми // Ж.-Ж. Руссо. Трактаты / Пер. с франц. А. Хаютина. — М.: Наука, 1969. — С. 75).
31. Merrill M. Flood, «Some Experimental Games», Research Memorandum RM-789 (Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND Corporation, 1952).
32. A. W Tucker, «On Jargon: The Prisoner's Dilemma», UMAP Journal 1 (1950): 101.
33. Robert Axelrod, The Evolution of Cooperation (New York: Basic Books, 1985).
34. R. L. Trivers, «The Evolution of Reciprocal Altruism», Quarterly Beview of Biology 46 (1971): 35-37.
35. Axelrod, The Evolution of Cooperation.
36. G. S. Wilkinson, «Reciprocal Food Sharing in the Vampire Bat», Nature 308 (March 8, 1984): 181-184.
37. Manfred Milinski, «TIT FOR TAT in Sticklebacks and the Evolution of Cooperation», Nature 325 (29 January 1987): 433-435.
38. P. Farb, Man's Rise to Civilization as Shown by the Indians of North America from Primeval Times to the Coming of the Industrial State (New York: Dutton, 1968).
39. Steven Levy, Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution (New York: Doubleday, 1984).
40. J. H. Saltzer, D. P. Reed, and D. D. Clark, «End-to-End Arguments in System Design», ACM Transactions on Computer Systems 2 (November 1984): 277-288.
41. Howard Rheingold, Tools for Thought (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2000).
42. Katie Hafner and Matthew Lyon, Where Wizards Stay Up Late-The Origins of the Internet (New York: Touchstone, 1998).
43. Levy, Hackers.
44. Hafner and Lyon, Where Wizards Stay Up Late.
45. J. С R. Licklider and R. W. Taylor, «The Computer as a Communication Device», Science and Technology (April 1968): 21-31.
46. William Henry Gates III, «An Open Letter to Hobbyists», Altair Users' Newsletter, 3 February 1976.
47. Dennis M. Ritchie, «The Evolution of the Unix Time-Sharing System», AT amp;T Bell Laboratories Technical Journal 63 (October 1984)-1577-1593.
48. Nick Moffit, «Nick Moffit's $7 History of Unix», «http://crackmonkey.org/unix.html» (29 January 2002).
49. Ritchie, «The Evolution of the Unix Time-Sharing System».
50. Moffit, «Nick Moffit's $7 History of Unix».
51. Richard Stallman, «The Free Software Definition». The GNU Project, Free Software Foundation, 2000, «http://www.gnu.org/philoso-phy/free-sw.html» (17 June 2001) [на рус. яз.: Ричард Столлмен. GNU GPL и американский образ жизни / Компьютерра. 2001. № 10 (387). 14 марта].
52. Ibid. See also: Michael Stutz, «Freed Software Winning Support, Making Waves», Wired News, 30 January 1998, «http://www.wired.com/ news/technology/0,1282,9966,00.html» (5 February 2002).
53. Eric Raymond, The Cathedral and the Bazaar. Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary (Sebastopol, Calif.: O'Reilly and Associates, 1997). See also: «http://www.tuxedo.org/~esr/ writings/homesteading/» (29 January 2002).
54. BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Domain), «http://www.isc.org/ products/BIND/» (16 January 2002).
55. Network Working Group, ed. B. Carpenter, «Architectural Principles of the Internet», June 1996, «http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfcl958.txt» (26 November 2001).
56. Tim Berners-Lee, «Information Management: A Proposal», 1989, «http://www.w3.org/History/1989/proposal.html» (29 January 2002).
57. Andy Server, «It Was My Party — and I Can Cry If I Want To», Business 2.0, March 2001, «http://www.business2.com/articles/ mag/0,1640,9662,FF.html» (12 August 2001).
58. Daniel Dern, «A Real Brief History of Usenet», BYTE Magazine, 4 September 1999.
59. Smith, «Mapping Social Cyberspaces», 12.
60. Lawrence Lessig, The Future of Ideas (New York: Random House, 2001).
61. «FCC Launches Proceeding to Promote Widespread Deployment of High-speed Broadband Internet Access Services», 14 February 2002, «http://www.fcc.gov/Bureaus/Common_Carrier/News_Releases/2002/ nrcc0202.html» (24 February 2002).
62. «Cable TV Lobby, Including Comcast, Tells FCC: Give Us a „Closed“ Broadband Net», Center for Digital Democracy, 15 February 2002, «http://www.democraticmedia.org/news/washingtonwatch/ca-bleletter.html» (25 February 2002). See also: Cable Industry FCC Lobbying Document, Center for Digital Democracy, 8 February 2002, «http:// www.democraticmedia.org/resources/filings/cableFCCLobbyingDocu-ment.pdf» (25 February 2002).
63. «FCC Sides with Cable Net Firms», Associated Press, 14 March 2002, «http://www.wired.com/news/politics/0,1283,51061,00.html» (29 March 2002).
64. L. Garton, С Haythornthwaite, and B. Wellman, «Studying Online Social Networks», Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 3, 1 (1997): 1.
65. Barry Wellman, «Physical Place and CyberPlace: The Rise of Personalized Networking», International journal of Urban and Regional Research 25, 2 (2001): 227-252, «http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/~wellman/ publications/individualism/ijurr3al.htm» (29 March 2002).
66. Alun Anderson, «The Mathematics of Mayhem», in The World in 2001, «http://www.theworldin.com/arts/sci/fsl.html» (5 May 2001).
67. Gordon E. Moore, «Cramming More Components onto Integrated Circuits», Electronics 38, 8 (19 April 1965): 114-117.
68. «Moore's Law», Intel Corporation, «http://www.intel.com/research/silicon/mooreslaw.htm» (21 December 2001).
69. Scott Kirsner, «The Legend of Bob Metcalfe», Wired 6.11, November 1998, «http://www.wired.eom/wired/archive//6.11/metcalfe.html? person=bob_metcalfe amp;topic_set=wiredpeople» (27 January 2002).
70. David P. Reed, «That Sneaky Exponential: Beyond Metcalfe's Law to the Power of Community Building», originally appeared in Context Magazine, Spring 1999 (by permission of DiamondCluster International, Inc. © 1999) «http://www.contextmag.com/archives/199903/ digitalstrategyreedslaw.asp» (25 January 2002).
71. Francis Fukuyama, Trust. The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity (New York: Free Press, 1995).
72. Reed, «That Sneaky Exponential», 1999.
Глава 3
1. Epigraph: Cory Doctorow, «My Date with the Gnomes of San Jose», Mindjack, 15 October 2000. «http://www.mindjack.com/feature/ p2p.html.» (25 January 2002).
2. Charlene Anderson, « [email protected] and the Planetary Society: A Reminiscence and a Hope for the Future», May 2000, «http:// www.planetary.org/UPDATES/seti/ [email protected]_and_planetary_society.html» (20 January 2002). See also: Roving Mouse, « [email protected] Stats», «http:// www.roving-mouse.com/setiathome/» (25 January 2002).
3. Robert Wright, Nonzero: The Logic of Human Destiny (New York: Vintage, 2000).
4. David P. Reed, «That Sneaky Exponential: Beyond Metcalfe's Law to the Power of Community Building», Context Magazine, Spring 1999 (by permission of DiamondCluster International, Inc. © 1999) «http:.//www.contextmag.com/archives/199903/digitalstrategyreedslaw.asp» (1 February 2002).
