Томас Вудс - Как католическая церковь создала западную цивилизацию

240

Ibid., 3.

Saint John of Damascus, Three Treatises on the Divine Images, trans. Andrew Louth (Crestwood, N. Y.: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press, 2003), 69–70. [Русск. пер.: Иоанн Дамаскин. Три слова в защиту иконопочитания. СПб.: Азбука-классика, 2001. С. 63–64.]

Ibid., 29. [Русск. пер.: Иоанн Дамаскин. Указ. соч. С. 40.]

Ibid., 29–30. [Русск. пер.: Иоанн Дамаскин. Указ. соч. С. 40–41.]

«Православие» в данном случае относится не к Православной церкви, поскольку «Великая Схизма», расколовшая Церковь на католиков и православных, произошла только в 1054 г., а обозначает «традиционную веру».

Paul Johnson, Art: A New History (New York: HarperCollins, 2003), 153.

John W. Baldwin, The Scholastic Culture of the Middle Ages, 1000–1300 (Lexington, Mass., D.C. Heath, 1971), 107; Robert A. Scott, The Gothic Enterprise (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003), 124–125.

Scott, 125.

Baldwin, 107.

Scott, 103–104.

Christopher Wilson, The Gothic Cathedral: The Architecture of the Great Church, 1130–1530 (London: Thames and Hudson, 1990), 65–66.

Ibid., 275–276.

Baldwin, 107–108.

Ibid., 108.

Scott, 132.

Stanley L. Jaki, "Medieval Creativity in Science and Technology", in Patterns or Principles and Other Essays (Bryn Mawr, Pa.: Intercollegiate Studies Institute, 1995), 75.

Имеется в виду книга: Robert Scott, The Gothic Enterprise.

Alexander Clarence Frick, The Rise of the Mediaeval Church (NewYork: BurtFranklin, 1909), 600.

Erwin Panofsky, Gothic Architecture and Scholasticism (NewYork. Meridian, 1985 [1951]), 69–70.

James Franklin, "The Renaissance Myth", Quadrant 26 (November 1982): 53–54.

Kenneth Clark, Civilisation (New York: HarperPerennial, 1969), 186; цит. no: JosephE. MacDonnell, Companions of Jesuits: A Tradition of Collaboration (Fairfield, Conn.: Humanities Institute, 1995).

Louis Gillet, «Raphael», Catholic Encyclopedia, 2nd ed., 1913.

Klemens Loffler, "Pope Leo X", Catholic Encyclopedia, 2nd ed., 1913.

Will Durant, The Renaissance (New York: MJF Books, 1953), 484.

Fred S. Kleiner, ChristinJ. Mamiya, and Richard G. Tansey, Gardner's Art Through the Ages, llth ed., vol. 1 (New York: Wadsworth, 2001), 526–527.

Samuel Y. Edgerton, Jr., The Heritage of Giotto's Geometry: Art and Science on the Eve of the Scientific Revolution (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1991), 10.

Шарден Жан-Батист Симеон (1699–1779) – французский живописец. – Прим. ред.

Ibid., 4.

Ibid., 289.

Bernice Hamilton, Political Thought in Sixteenth-Century Spain (London: Oxford University Press, 1963), 98; J. A. Fernandez-Santamaria, The State, War and Peace: Spanish Political Thought in the Renaissance, 1516–1559 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977), 60–61.

Lewis Hanke, The Spanish Struggle for Justice in the Conquest of America (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1965 [1949]), 17.

Carl Watner, "All Mankind Is One': The Libertarian Tradition in Sixteenth Century Spain", Journal of Libertarian Studies 8 (Summer 1987): 295–296.

Michael Novak, The Universal Hunger for Liberty (New York: Basic Books, 2004), 24. Так называют и голландского протестанта Гуго Гроция.

Marcelo Sanchez-Sorondo, "Vitoria: The Original Philosopher of Rights", in Hispanic Philosophy in the Age of Discovery, Kevin White, ed. (Washington, D. C: Catholic University of America Press, 1997), 66.

Watner, "All Mankind Is One", 294; Уотнер цитирует: Lewis Hanke, All Mankind Is One (De Kalb, 111.: Northern Illinois University Press, 1974), 142.

James Brown Scott, The Spanish Origin of International Law (Washington, D.C.: School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, 1928), 65.

Ср. Sanchez-Sorondo, " Vitoria: The Original Philosopher of Rights", 60.

Venancio D. Cairo, "The Spanish Theological-Juridical Renaissance and the Ideology of Bartolome de Las Casas", in Bartolome de Las Casas in History: Toward an Understanding of the Man and His Work, eds. Juan Friede and Benjamin Keen (DeKalb, III: Northern Illinois University Press, 1971), 251–252.

Ibid., 253.

Ibid.

Fernandez-Santamaria, 79.

Hamilton, 61.

Scott, 41.

Ibid., 61.

Summa Theologiae, II–II, q. 10, а. 8.

Sanchez-Sorondo, " Vitoria: The Original Philosopher of Rights", 67.

Hamilton, 19.

Ibid., 21.

Ibid., 24.

Fernandez-Santamaria, 78.

Brian Tierney, The Idea of Natural Rights: Studies on Natural Rights, Natural Law, and Church Law, 1150–1625 (Grand Rapids, Mich.: William B. Eerdmans, 2001 [1997]), 269–270.

Eduardo Andujar, "Bartolome de Las Casas and Juan Gines de Sepulveda: Moral Theology versus Political Philosophy", in White, ed., Hispanic Philosophy, 76–78.

Ibid, 87.

Rafael Alvira and Alfredo Cruz, "The Controversy Between Las Casas and Sepulveda at Valladolid", in White, ed., Hispanic Philosophy, 93.

Ibid.

Ibid., 95.

Ibid., 92–93.

Andujar, "Bartolome de Las Casas and Juan Gines de Sepulveda",84.

Cairo, The Spanish Theological-Juridical Renaissance, 275.

Цит. по: Watner, "'All Mankind Is One'", 303–304.

Lewis H. Hanke, Bartolome de Las Casas: An Interpretation of His Life and Writings (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1951), 87.

Ср.: Carlos G. Norefla, "Francisco Suarez on Democracy and International Law", in White, ed., Hispanic Philosophy, 271.

Fernandez-Santamaria, 62.

Samuel Eliot Morison, The Oxford History of the American People, vol. 1, Prehistory to 1789 (New York: Meridian, 1994 [1965]), 40.

Цит. по: Robert С. Royal, Columbus On Trial: 1492 v. 1992, 2nd ed. (Herndon, Va.: Young America's Foundation, 1993), 23–24.

Ср.: С. Brown, " Old World v. New: Culture Shock in 1492", Peninsula [Harvard], Sept. 1992, 11.

Hanke, The Spanish Struggle for Justice, 178–179.

Joseph A. Schumpeter, History ofEconomic Analysis (New York: Oxford University Press, 1954), 97. [Русск. пер.: Шумпетер И. История экономического анализа. СПб.: Экономическая школа, 2001. Т. 1. С. 122.]

См.: Raymond de Roover, "The Concept of the Just Price: Theory and Economic Policy", Journal of Economic Histo – ry 18 (1958): 418–434; idem, Business, Banking, and Economic Thought in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe: Selected Studies of Raymond de Roover, ed. Julius Kirshner (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974), esp. 306–345; Alejandro A. Chafuen, Faith and Liberty: The Economic Thought of the Late Scholastics (Lanham, Md.: Lexington, 2003); Marjorie Grice-Hutchinson, The School of Salamanca: Readings in Spanish Monetary Theory, 1544–1605 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1952); idem, Early Economic Thought in Spain, 1177–1740 (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1978); Joseph Schumpeter, History of Economic Analysis (New York: Oxford University Press, 1954) [Русск. пер.: Шумпетер И. История экономического анализа. СПб.: Экономическая школа, 2001]; Murray N. Rothbard, An Austrian Perspective on the History of Economic Thought, vol. 1: Economic Thought Before Adam Smith (Hants, England: Edward Elgar, 1995), 99-133.

Rothbard, Economic Thought Before Adam Smith, 73–74. Великий экономист XX века Людвиг фон Мизес доказал, что деньги могут возникнуть только таким образом.

Ibid., 74; см. также: Thomas E. Woods, Jr., The Church and the Market: A Catholic Defense of the Free Economy (Lanham, Md.: Lexington, 2005), 87–89, 93.

Jörg Guido Hulsmann, "Nicholas Oresme and the First Monetary Treatise", May 18, 2004 http://www.mises. org/story/1516.

Rothbard, Economic Thought Before Adam Smith, 76.

Hulsmann, "Nicholas Oresme and the First Monetary Treatise".

Chafuen, 62.

О символике ключа в Библии и, в частности, об интерпретации этого спорного места (Мф 16, 18) см.: Stanley L. Jaki, The Keys of the Kingdom: A Tool's Witness to Truth (Chicago, 111.: Franciscan Herald Press, 1986).

Rothbard, Economic Thought Before Adam Smith, 100–101.

Ibid., 60–61.

Ibid., 62.

Murray N. Rothbard, "New Light on the Prehistory of the Austrian School", in The Foundations of Modern Austrian Economics, ed. Edwin G. Dolan (Kansas City: Sheed &Ward, 1976), 55.

Chafuen, 84–85.

Ibid., 84.

«Взгляды Карла Менгера становятся понятнее всего в общем контексте аристотелианства/неосхоластики XIX века». Samuel Bostaph, "The Methodenstreit", в: The Elgar Companion to Austrian Economics, ed. Peter J. Boettke (Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar, 1994), 460.

Carl Menger, Principles of Economics, trans. James Dingwall and Bert F. Hoselitz (Grove City, Penn.: Libertarian Press, 1994), 64–66. [Русск. пер.: Менгер К. Основания политической экономии // Менгер К. Избранные работы. М.: Территория будущего, 2005. С. 160–163.]

В силу самого факта (лат.). – Прим. ред.

Ответ Марксу можно найти в незаслуженно забытой работе Бём-Баверка: Eugen von Bohm-Bawerk, Karl Marx and the Close of His System (London: TF Unwin, 1898) [Русск. пер.: Бём-Баверк О. К завершению марксистской системы // Бём-Баверк О. Критика теории Маркса. Челябинск: Социум, 2002. С. 3 – 135]. Еще более убедительное и фундаментальное опровержение позиции Маркса, доказывающее ее полную ошибочность (и при этом не основанное на теории субъективной ценности) можно найти в: George Reisman, Capitalism (Ottawa, 111.: Jameson Books, 1996).

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