Роберт Бартлетт - Становление Европы: Экспансия, колонизация, изменения в сфере культуры. 950 — 1350 гг.
56
См.: Pommersches UB 2 (Stettin, 1881–5, repr. Cologne and Graz, 1970), no. 891, pp. 218–19.
57
См.: UB... von Wedel 2/1, no. 3, p. 3 (1272), nos. 7–8, p. 6 (1281).
58
ibid. no. 113, pp. 65–6.
59
См.: Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis, ed. Adolph Friedrich Riedel (41 vols., Berlin, 1838–49), AXViII, pp. 151–3, no. 87 (1388); ibid, pp. 102–3, no. 5; ibid., pp. 111–12, no. 22; ibid., pp. 218–19, no. 9.
60
См.: Cramer, 'Die Herren von Wedel', p. 119: 'nahezu landesherrliche Stellung'.
61
О семье Монферрат см.: Leopoldo Usseglio, / marchesi di Monferrato in Italia ed in oriente durante i secoli XII e XIII, ed. Carlo Patracco (2 vols., Bibliotheca della societa storica subalpina 100–101, Turin, 1926).
62
См.: William of Tyre, Chronicle 21.12(13), ed. R.B.C. Huygens (2 vols.. Corpus Christianorum, Continuatio mediaevalis 63–63Д Turnhout, 1986), 2, p. 978.
63
См.: Francesco Gabrieli (ed.), Arab Historians of the Crusades (Eng. tr. Berkeley and London, 1969), p. 177 (Ibn al-Athi'r).
64
Peire Vidal: Poesie, ed. D'Arco Silvio A valle (2 vols., Milan and Naples, 1960), 2, pp. 159–61, no. 19 ('Per mielhs sofrir'), lines 49–50, at p. 161.
65
См.: Marcelin Defourneaux, Les Frangais en Espagne aux Xle et XIIe siècles (Paris, 1949), p. 197, n. 1; Bernard F. Reilly, The Kingdom of Leon-Castilla under King Alfonso VI, 1063–1109 (Princeton, 1988), pp. 194 and п., 254–5
66
См.: Robert of Clari, La conquête de Constantinople 106, ed. Philippe Lauer (Paris, 1924), p. 102.
67
Geoffrey Malaterra, De rebus gestis Rogerii Calabriae et Siciliae comitis et Roberti Guiscardi ducis fratris eius 1.11, ed. Ernesto Pontieri (Rerum italicarum scriptores, n.s., 5/1, Bologna, 1928), p. 14. Цитата из Библии: см.: от Луки 6:38.
68
Amarus of Montecassino, Storia de Normanni 2.45, ed. Vincenzo de Bartholomaeis (Fonti per la storia d'ltalia 76, Rome, 1935), p. 112.
69
Joshua Prawer, Crusader Institutions (Oxford, 1980), p. 21.
70
Fulcher of Chartres, Historia Hierosolymitana 3.37, ed. Heinrich Hagenmeyer (Heidelberg, 1913), p. 749.
71
Livlandische Reimchronik, lines 612–18, ed. Leo Meyer (Paderborn, 1876), p. 15.
72
Цит. по кн.: Song of Dermot and the Earl, lines 431–6, ed. and tr. Goddard H. Orpen (Oxford, 1892), p. 34. (Имеется русское издание: Песнь о Роланде, М., 1974)
73
Цит. по кн.: Cantor de Mio Cid, line 1213, ed. Ramon Menendez Pidal (rev. ed., 3 vols., Madrid, 1944–6), 3, p. 945. (Имеется русское издание: Песнь о моем Сиде, М., 1975.)
74
Malaterra, De rebus gestis Rogerii 1.16, ed. Pontieri, p. 17.
75
Georges Duby, The Early Growth of the European Economy (Eng. tr., London, 1974), p. 51.
76
Тацит. Германия 13–14.
77
Цит. по кн.: Beowulf, lines 2490–93, ed. F. Klaeber (3rd ed., Boston, 1950), p. 94. (Имеется русское издание: Беовульф — в кн.: Б-ка всемирной л-ры, т. 9, М., 1975, с. 2490–94).
78
Bede, Epistola ad Ecgbertum episcopum, in Charles Plummer (ed.). Opera historica (2 vols., Oxford, 1896) 1, pp. 405–23, at pp. 414–17.
79
Dudo of Saint-Quentin, De moribus et actis primorum Normanniae ducum 4.83, ed. Jules Lair, Memoires de la Societe des Antiquaires de Normandie, 3rd ser., 3 (Caen, 1858–65), p. 238.
80
Sachsenspiegel, Lehnrecht, ed. Karl August Eckhardt (Germanenrechte, n.s.. Göttingen, 1956), passim.
81
Walther von der Vogelweide, Die Lieder, ed. Friedrich Maurer (Munich, 1972), no. 74/11, p. 232 ('Ich nan min lehen').
82
Le Patourel, The Norman Empire, p. 303.
83
ibid., p. 290.
84
О темпах вырождения европейских аристократических родов см.: Оснабрюк: Werner Hillebrand, Besitz- und Standesverhaltnisse des Osnabrticker Adels bis 1300 (Gottingen, 1962), p. 211; Айхштатт — Benjamin Arnold, German Knighthood 1050–1300 (Oxford, 1985), p. 180; Haмюруа — Leopold Genicot, L'economie rurale namuroise au Bos Moyen Age 2: Les hommes — la noblesse (Louvain, 1960), p. 140; Форез — Edouard Perroy, 'Social Mobility among the French Noblesse in the Later Middle Ages', Past and Present 21 (1962), pp. 25–38.
85
Malaterra, De rebus gestis Rogerii 1.5, ed. Pontieri, p. 9.
86
Orderic Vitalis, Historia ecclesiastica 3, ed. Chibnall, 2, p. 98.
87
Robert the Monk, Historia Iherosolimitana, RHC, Occ. 3, pp. 717–882, at p. 728.
88
См.: Jack Goody, The Development of the Family and Marriage in Europe (Cambridge, 1983), p. 44.
89
О структуре аристократического рода см.: Karl Schmid, 'Zur Problematik von Familie, Sippe und Geschlecht, Haus und Dinastie beim mittelalterlichen Ariel', Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins 105 (1957), pp. 1–62; idem, 'The Structure of the Nobility in the Earlier Mddle Ages', in Timothy Reuter (ed.). The Medieval Nobility (Amsterdam, etc., 1978), pp. 37–59; Georges Duby, 'Lineage, Nobility and Knighthood', in his The Chivalrous Society (Eng. tr., London and Berkeley, 1977), pp. 59–80, at pp. 68–75; for an attempt to extend the model to England see James С. Holt, 'Feudal Society and the Family in Early Medieval England', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 5th ser., 32 (1982), pp. 193–212; 33 (1983), pp. 193–220; 34 (1984), pp. 1–25; 35 (1985), pp. 1–28, esp. 32 (1982), pp. 199–200; Karl Leyser, “The German Aristocracy from the Ninth to the Early Twelfth Century: A Historical and Cultural Sketch', Past and Present 41 (1968), pp. 25–53, esp. pp. 32–6, Medieval Germany and its Neighbours (London, 1982), pp. 161–89, at pp. 168–72; Constance B. Bouchard, 'Family Structure and Family Consciousness among the Aristocracy in the Ninth to the Eleventh Centuries', Francia 14 (1987), pp. 639–58.
90
Geoffrey Barrow, The Anglo-Norman Erd in Scottish History (Oxford, 1980), title of chapter 1.
91
Prawer, Crusader Institutions, p. 24.
92
Glanvill, The Treatise on the Laws and Customs of England commonly called Glanvill, ed. and tr. G.D.H. Hall (London, 1965), p. 75.
93
Assise au comte Geffroy 1, ed. Marcel Planiol, La tres ancienne coutume de Bretagne (Rennes, 1896, repr. Paris and Geneva, 1984), pp. 319–25, at pp. 321–2.
94
См.: London, British Library, Add. MS 11283, fols. 21v — 22. Автор выражает благодарность Венди Дэвис за сверку этой цитаты.
95
См.: Duby, 'Lineage, Nobility and Knighthood', p. 75; idem, “The Structure of Kinship and Nobility“, in his The Chivalrous Society (Eng. tr., London and Berkeley, 1977), pp. 134–48, at p. 148; idem. Early Growth of the European Economy, p. 171.
96
Lucien Musset, 'L'aristocratie normande au Xle siècle', in Philippe Contamine (ed.). La noblesse au Moyen Age (Paris, 1976), pp. 71–96, at p. 95.
97
См.: Holt, 'Feudal Society and the Family', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 32 (1982), p. 201.
98
Lorenz Weinrich (ed.), Quellen zur deutsche Verfassungs-.Wirtschafts- und Sozialgeschichte bis 1250 (AQ 32, Darmstadt, 1977), no. 25, pp. 106–8.
99
См.: Graham Loud, 'How “Norman” was the Norman Conquest of Southern Italy?', Nottingham Medieval Studies 25 (1981), pp. 13–34, at p. 26.
100
Chronicle of Morea, tr. Harold E. Lurier, Crusaders as Conquerors (New York, 1964), pp. 125–8.
101
Hans К. Schulze, Adelsherrschaft und Landesherrschaft: Studien zur Verfassungs- und Besitzgeschichte der Altmark, des ostsachsischen Raumes und des hannoverschen Wendlandes im hohen Mittelalter (MF 29, Cologne and Graz, 1963).
102
A.J. Otway-Ruthven, A History of Medieval Ireland (2nd ed., London, 1980), pp. 102–3; eadem, 'Knight Service in Ireland', Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 89 (1959), pp. 1–15.
103
Song of Dermot, lines 3206–7, ed. Orpen, p. 232.
104
О размерах бенефициев в Ирландии см.: Otway-Ruthven, History of Medieval Ireland, p. 105.
105
О денежных бенефициях в крестоносных государствах см.: Joshua Prawer, 'Social Classes in the Latin Kingdom: The Franks', in Kenneth Setton (ed.), A History of the Crusades (Philadelphia and Madison, 6 vols., 1955–89) 5: The Impact of the Crusades on the Near East, ed. Norman Zacour and Harry Hazard, pp. 117–92, at p. 135.
106
Frank Stenton, The First Century of English Feudalism 1066–1166 (2nd ed., Oxford, 1961), p. 166.
107
См. об этом: Англия и Нормандия — Thomas К. Keefe, Feudal Assessments and the Political Community under Henry II and His Sons (Berkeley, etc., 1983), pp. 42, 141; Шампань — Theodore Evergates, 'The Aristocracy of Champagne in the Mid-Thirteenth Century: A Quantitative Description', Journal of Interdisciplinary History 5 (1974–5), pp. 1–18; Иерусалим — Alan V. Murray, 'The Origins of the Frankish Nobility in the Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1100–1118', Mediterranean Historical Review 4/2 (1989), pp. 281–300, at pp. 281–2; Jean Richard, 'Les listes des seigneuries dans le livre de Jean d'Ibelin', Revue historique de droit frangais et etranger 32 (1954), pp. 565–77.
108
AJ. Otway-Ruthven, 'Knights' Fees in Kildare, Leix and Offaly', Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 91 (1961), pp. 163–81, at p. 164, n.10.
109
Catalogue baronum, ed. Evelyn Jamison (Fonti per la storia d'ltalia 101, Rome, 1972); see, in general, Claude Cahen, Le regime feodale d'ltalie normande (Paris, 1940).
110
