Под редакцией А. Г. Маньков - Иностранные известия о восстание Степана Разина
Stenko Radeiri's Expedition into Persia, related by word of mouth by a Cossack who assisted at it and with 30 others was taken Prisoner nine Years ago upon the Osto Duwanni (behind which as was said, lies another, Sziloi), near Baadkui, when they went robbing on their own account
After Stenko had Kept his Winter quarters in Yeikstadt (На полях страницы повторено название г. Яика – Yaikstat.) which place he had taken by a Stratagem, desiring to go in only with 5 persons, but Bogumolic breaking in with the Arriergard did render himself Master of it, he went to Sea with 1200 men in 29 or 30 Struses. Upon each Buse was but one Cannon, but when they came back from Astarabad, they had 2 or 3. It is to be wondered at, that they could pass the Sea with Struses; to perform this, they had defended their Vessels by fastening round about the Gunnel Rolls stuffed with Grass or Straw, which made them lighter and Kept off the (л. 5) Waves. They had built these Struses at Gurgi upon the Caspian Sea, and doubtless carried the materials with them down the Volga, for they did not take that course which Chardin describes, but the usual Robbers way through Kamuczinka Rekka, by Zariza and Astracan, where by the way they robbed all in a hostile manner. These Struses were one man high, one Russian Ell deep under Water, 8 fathoms long, and 1 fathom broad.
The first assault was (Карандашом исправлено на was Pod Buchari upon by Karngar.) upon Pod buchari by Karngar (Карандашом исправлено на was Pod Buchari upon by Karngar.) where the Russian Buses lye, thinking to get booty there, but this design was frustrated, therefore they went away and sailed along the Coast as far as Astrabad. There they proposed to the Cham ((Здесь и далее так в тексте, следует Chan или Chann (хан)). to give them a Place to live in as subjects and assist the King against the Usbecks, Two Weeks passed, and in the third they began to traffic, they made the people confident, feigning great simplicity (giving for instance a Ducat for a little (Слово little подчеркнуто карандашом и напротив него на полях написано few. Скобки даны в тексте рукописи) Schai, and selling some Goods for a Trifle). The Cham sent a Messenger to the King, and three Weeks after they sent their Deputies also: they took 500 men (Слово men подчеркнуто карандашом и напротив него на полях написано Musicks.) of all sorts of people from the Cham for Hostages; they stayd in all 6 Weeks there. Messengers after Messengers arrived from the King with favorable promises. The Cham detained them with friendly words, to amuse them till a sufficient Army could be raised. None of the Cossacks understood the Language of the Country, except Stenko, who went about every day disguised in old Clouths to hear what was discoursed, for he spoke 8 languages (л. 5 об.). Не took it ill, that the Deputies were not sent back with an answer. The Cham endeavoured, according to the Persian custom, to amuse him with Civility, promising him Honour and a Calate (Robe of Ceremony) from the King. Stenko was too cunning to be imposed upon, but returned Dissimulation for dissimulation. The Cham having allready 7000 men drawn together from all parts, invited Stenko Razin to dine with him the next day, for which mark of honour he returned him his 500 Hostages again. For the greater Security it was agread upon on both sides, that no body sh[oul]d bring Knives or any arms with them. The next day Stenko Razin ordered 500 men to ty their Sabres upon their Backs and hide them under their Coats, and to be present at the Entertainment standing in a Line: that upon a signal being given, every one should take the sabre from his Neighbour's back and make use of it. It is said, that Stenko in going about for intelligence, had information that the Persians had ordered men of their own to be present at the Entertainment, privately armed after the same manner, which was a good Plea for him that it was not he, who began Hostilities (На полях карандашом написано Perhaps only by way of precaution for their own defence.). He therefore went with his 500 men to the Entertainment: the Cham had pitched his Tent in the Field about two Wersts from Astarabad attended by 700 men who had their Sabres concealed, and left their fire arms near by in a secret place. Stenko had left 500 men more in reserve, who were to observe the Motion of the Persians, and when an advantage offered were to advance against them with their Cannon. Stenko and 11 Persons with him (л. 6), sett themselves down, the rest remained standing in a Line. After they had sate a little while, and according to the custom of the Country viewed the Sweetmeats, the Cham drank Stenkos Health, and desired him to drink the King of Persia's Health, which he did. By this they fell into a familiar discourse. Stenko admired the Cham's Cloathe and fine Sabre, and the Cham admired Stenko's Cloaths which were of Sables of none of the worst sort, as also his Sabre, which Stenko draws out and presents to the Cham to look upon, the Cham, after having viewed it, returns it to Stenko, and draus out his likewise and presents it to Stenko. Stenko admires the fine Arms of the Persians as doing honour to the King whose servants they were. In talking after this manner, he plays with the Sabre and makes the Signal agreed upon to his Captain, who was a Russian Priest, and dressed in his Priestly Habit with an Iron Staff in his hand. The latter having given his Men the Blessing, Stenko begins the Massacre, with the Cham's own Sabre cutting off his Head and of 5 others. At the same time his 500 men took their Sabres and fell upon the Kiselbashes, of whom some escaped and gave the Alarm to the Army. Those could not so soon mount their Horses, before Stenko's Corps de reserve fired upon them with their Cannon, which they had planted privately in an advantageous Place, to hinder the Army from approaching. All these were killed, some few excepted who had the good look (Так в тексте, следует luck.) to escape. After this the Cossacks attacked (Вместо attacked карандашом написано run to.) Astarabad, put ((вместо put над строкой карандашом написано killing.) all the men to the Sword (Над строкой карандашом написано is plundering the Town.), plundered the Town (Над строкой карандашом написано is plundering the Town.), and carried 800 women together with the Booty along with them to the Island where their Vessels lay, 48 hours travelling (л. 6 об.) from thence. There they kept these Women for 3 weeks. But as many of the Cossacks died of the Excesses they comitted with that Sex (Далее карандашом вставлено and as.), the Sea grew very tempestuous, which they looked upon as a punishment of (Of зачеркнуто карандашом и надписано for.) their Dabauches, besides that they intended to leave the Island yet could not take Women along with them, nor leave them behind without provisions, they resolved to make away with them all, and by this sacrifice to appease the Sea. They went afterwards to Zamur Recca (Zamur исправлено карандашом на Samur.) in Mesanderan, where they plundered the Persian Buses that lay there, and after they had scowred the Sea for 2 months, they (Слово they зачеркнуто карандашом, над ним вставлено and auorday to wi (?) fell upon.) attacked Astarabad the second time, according to Chardiris, account, and went to Swino Ostro near Chilan not far from the River Kuur over against Lengenkonaan (Исправлено карандашом на Lengecikonaan.) an Island about 2 Wersts long, so near the Land, that one can see the People walk, and the Water so shallow, that the wild Boars are able to wade through. Upon this Island, on the other side of it, stood 7000 Persians to keep a watchful Eye upon the Cossacks in their high, half and whole Buses. The Cossacks being ignorant of this, supped that night, and laid themselves down to sleep. In the night Stenko Radzin wakened all his People, and ordered them to come together in a Circle, where he told them he had had a Dream, that the Enemy was upon the Island (for it was believed he understood magick Arts, to such a degree that he had made J all his People shot free and proof against Bullets, though others who had seen so many his people killed, knew better things) then he proposed in Council (tho (tho зачеркнуто карандашом и написано for.) he believed for certain what his Spirit had already insinuated to him) whether they should venture a Battel (Так в тексте, современное написание Battle.) with the Enemy, or retire to the Sea (Над to the надписано карандашом by.). The Chiefs of them, who were already before in good circumstances, or were grown rich by the Plunder of this Country, dissuaded it, saying; there had been Blood enough shed already, and they might well retire with honour. But the poorer sort buoyed up with hopes of Booty (л. 7) said: it would be a Shame to retire without venturing an Engagement. Stenko was of the opinion of the former, and yet being unwilling to oppose the latter, desired that another Person would take the Command (Далее вставлено карандашом of this expedition.) upon him. The Army offered it to an old man, who also had the Reputation of making people shotfree; he accepted it and promised them to make his own Son a Sacrifice in order to render them all bullet proof. But while this offer was making, the Son saved himself by deserting to the Enemy, and was never heard after. He himself was seized with inward Torments and a fit of trembling which lasted three hours, when that was over, he said: Well it is done, you are safe, and so they got into their Vessels and put out to Sea. The Persians seeing this, thought they fled, though they did it only to draw them on, and therefore they launched farther out into the Sea and feigned as if they were unable to manage their Vessels, which encouraged the Persians to pursue them with a great noise of Trumpets (Напротив на полях приписано Posaunen (трубы) – нем…)and Kettle Drums. The Cham was with them in person and set up a great Flag in his Buse. They had also chained their Buses together, in hopes to enclose them all as in a net, that none might escape. But this was a great advantage to the Cossacks; for the Persians began to fire upon them, and when they were far enough from the Land, the new General of the Cossacks, thinking it was now time, ordered his Gunner who was a most expert fellow, to fire upon that great Vessel with the flag, which accordingly he did, directing his Gun to the Place under Water where the Gunpowder lay, the Bullet was hollow and filled with Nephta and Cotton, and the Shot took effect according to wish, for it blew (л. 7 об.) up part of the Buse, and set the rest on fire, the Cham retiring to the next Vessel, in this Confusion (Далее зачеркнуто чернилами повторное and the Vessel beginning not only to sink) and the Vessel beginning not only to sink, but to draw down the next with it, the Cossacks came to hinder this destruction, hoked their Vessels to those of the Persians, which having high Decks, they killed the Persians with trails or Poles to which Cannon Balls were tied, some chosing rather to throw themselves into the Sea, than to fall into the hands of the Enemy. The rest were killed by the Cossacks, who could take nothing out of the Buses but the Cannon. The Cham and 5 others they carried with them to Astracan for though they offered the Cham his Liberty, he rather chose to remain their prisoner because he had undertaken this Expedition without any orders from the King, and he died afterwards at Astracan. The Co-sacks had but 50 men wounded by Bows with which the Persians had armed one Vessel, and against which their General (Зачеркнуто карандашом, надписано not made them shot free.) had taken no precaution or defence (Зачеркнуто карандашом, надписано not made them shot free). After this Seafight they went to Astracan and defeated Prosorowski (Исправлено, первоначально было Prosoroloski.) with 7000 Russians, by which it appears, that Chardin is mistaken, when he says, the Russians had conspired with them. All this happened in one Summer or 6 months time, and consequently Chardiri's is again in the wrong, when he says they stayd the Winter in Persia.
Э. КЕМПФЕР. ЗАПИСКИ О ПЕРСИДСКОМ ПОХОДЕ С. РАЗИНА ИЗ РУКОПИСИ КЕМПФЕРА, НАХОДЯЩЕЙСЯ ВО ВЛАДЕНИИ СЭРА ГАНСА СЛОУНА, ПЕРЕВЕДЕННОЙ И ПОДГОТОВЛЕННОЙ К ИЗДАНИЮ ДОКТОРОМ МОРТИМЕРОМ
Верхненемецкий
Сравни Кемпфера из «Амонитатус екзотикарум…» (с. 58) ((Биографические сведения о Кемпфере наиболее подробно даны в немецком словаре «Allgemeine deutsche Biographie» (Leipzig, 1882, статья Фалькмана)Имеется также монография Meier-Lemgo «Engelbert Kaempfer» (1937). Приводим некоторые данные о Кемпфере, имеющие отношение к нашей теме. Э. Кемпфер был уроженцем г. Лемго (графство Липпе в Вестфалии); он вернулся сюда в 1694 г. после странствий и находился при графском дворе в должности лейб-медика. Произведения его написаны частью на родном для него верхненемецком диалекте, в большинстве же по-латыни, которой в литературном отношении он владел лучше. Ряд сочинений, в том числе известное «Amoenitatum exoticarum…», издан при его жизни. После его смерти в 1716 г. в Лемго приезжал знаменитый коллекционер Ганс Слоун и купил почти все его рукописи, которых было свыше 36. Заслугой Слоуна был перевод на английский язык и издание «History of Japan» (Лондон, 1727). Видимо, публикуемые нами записки также были подготовлены к печати, но по каким-то причинам не изданы. В настоящее время произведения Кемпфера находятся в Британском музее и продолжают издаваться и переводиться на другие языки. В заголовке записок дается ссылка на одно из наиболее известных сочинений Кемпфера – «Amoenitatum exoticarum Poetico-Politico-Phisico-Medicarum Fasciculi V, quibus continentur variae relationes, observationes et descriptiones rerum Persicarum et ulterioris Asiae, multa attentione in peregrinationibus per universum orientem collectae ab autore Engelberto Kaempfero. D. Lemgoviae» (1711). Ha c. 57 – 58 имеются строки, относящиеся к движению Разина. В них дается самая общая характеристика восстания, и их содержание не имеет ничего общего с публикуемыми записками. Однако ссылка, сделанная на этот отрывок в начале текста записок, ввела в заблуждение архивистов XIX в., принявших записки за выдержку из «Amoenitatum…» и давших им соответственный заголовок. В результате этого документ до последнего времени не привлекал к себе внимания.)).
