Марвин Маршалл - Дисциплина без стресса. Учителям и родителям. Как без наказаний и поощрений развивать в детях ответственность и желание учиться
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Приложения
Идеи по развитию мотивации
Афоризм гласит: «Когда ученик готов, появляется учитель». Но мы можем ускорить процесс.
Разбудите любопытство
Любопытство, возможно, самый сильный фактор мотивации. В японских школах ученикам сначала рассказывают о задаче или проблеме. Они увлекаются ею. Так естественным образом возникает любопытство. В американских школах новую информацию или навык предлагают без провоцирования изначального интереса.
Объясните, ЗАЧЕМ им этот урок, чтобы пробудить интерес
Спросите себя, зачем вы будете учить детей тому, чему собирались. Сегодня все заинтересованы в личной выгоде, так что потратьте немного времени в начале занятия, чтобы поговорить о том, какую пользу принесет этот урок ученикам на данном этапе жизни. Начните с того, как ученики могут использовать новую информацию. Если вам трудно, предложите вопрос для обсуждения ученикам. Вы будете поражены: 1) насколько они окажутся находчивы и 2) как это поможет им включиться в урок.
Структурируйте школьный опыт так, чтобы он относился к жизни за пределами школы
Интерес повысится, если вы свяжете урок с долгосрочными преимуществами в реальной жизни. Покажите, как урок поможет студентам лучше принимать решения, выходить из затруднений, находить общий язык с другими и/или сделает их эффективнее. Мудрые люди думают о завтрашнем дне, а не только о сегодняшнем.
Учите школьников задавать себе вопросы
Вопросы запускают мыслительный процесс. Спрашивая себя «почему?» и «как?», ученики начинают лучше понимать себя, и интерес к учебе растет. Этот процесс улучшает и навыки метакогниции.
Используйте то, что ученики знают о себе
После того как вы сообщили, что хотите преподать, спросите детей, как, по их мнению, им лучше учиться. См. пример в разделе «Дифференцированное преподавание».
Развивайте чувство личной ответственности
Основной принцип мотивации: сознательно или нет, но люди мотивируют себя сами. Каждый ответственен за обучение, но именно учитель обязан создать наилучший для учебы климат. Эффективный способ сделать это – дать ученикам возможность в начале урока подумать:
