Лестер Браун - Как избежать климатических катастроф?: План Б 4.0: спасение цивилизации
521
Serge Schmemann, “I Love Paris on a Bus, a Bike, a Train and in Anything but a Car”, New York Times, 26 July 2007; Katrin Bennhold, “A New French Revolution’s Creed: Let Them Ride Bikes”, New York Times, 16 July 2007.
522
Steven Erlanger, “A New Fashion Catches on in Paris: Cheap Bicycle. Rentals”, New York Times, 13 July 2008 г.; City of Paris, “Veˆlib: Subscriptions and Prices”, на веб-сайте www.en.velib.paris.fr, просмотрено автором 12 May 2009 г.; Alexandra Topping, “Free Wheeling: Paris’s New Bike System”, Washington Post, 23 September 2007; количество поездок на май 2009 года — от специалиста по связям с общественностью JCDecaux, дискуссия с J. Matthew Roney, 14 May 2009 года.
523
Schmemann, op. cit. note 23; La Feˆdeˆration de Paris du Parti Socialiste, ed., Ce Que Nous Avons Fait Ensemble (Paris: Office of Mayor Bertrand Delanoе, 2007), pp. 20–25; расширение программы от специалиста по связям с общественностью JCDecaux, op. cit. note 24; Alok Jha, “Boris Johnson Unveils Blueprint for London’s ‘Cycling Revolution’,” Guardian (London), 27 April 2009.
524
John Ritter, “Narrowed Roads Gain Acceptance in Colo., Elsewhere”, USA Today, 29 July 2007; John Ritter, “ ’Complete Streets’ Program Gives More Room for Pedestrians, Cyclists”, USA Today, 29 JuIy 2007.
525
National Complete Streets Coalition, “Complete the Streets: Who We Are”, — см.: www.completestreets.org/whoweare.html, просмотрено 16 августа 2007 г.; AARP, “About AARP”, — см.: www.aarp.org/aarp/ About_AARP, просмотрено 12 мая 2009 г.; Ritter, “Narrowed Roads”, op. cit. note 26.
526
National Complete Streets Coalition, “Illinois Passes Complete Streets Law”, press release (Washington, DC: 16 October 2007); письмо Стефании Сескин, National Complete Streets Coalition, посланное по электронной почте Дж. Мэттью Роуни, Earth Policy Institute, 28 мая 2009 г.; Office of Congresswoman Doris Matsui, “Congresswoman Matsui and Senator Harkin Introduce Bill to Make Streets Safer and Encourage Healthier America”, press release (Washington, DC: 12 March 2009).
527
US. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Nationwide Personal Transportation Study: Transportation Characteristics of School Children (Washington, DC: July 1972), p. 3; American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Injury, Violence, and Poison Prevention and Council on School Health, “Policy Statement: School Transportation Safety”, Pediatrics, vol. 120, no. 1 (July 2007), pp. 213–20; International Walk to School, “About the Walk”, — cм: www.iwalktoschool.org/about. htm, просмотрено 12 мая 2009 г.
528
Снижение количества поездок на автомобиле — оценка автора.
529
O’Meara, op. cit. note 3, p. 45.
530
J. Matthew Roney, “Bicycles Pedaling into the Spotlight”, Eco-Economy Indicator (Washington, DC: Earth Policy Institute, 12 May 2008); Ward’s Automotive Group, World Motor Vehicle Data 2008 (Southfield, MI: 2008), pp. 239–42; German Eslava, “1st in EU: Italian Government Spurs Bike Sales with Incentives”, Bike Europe, см.: www.bike-eu.com, 28 April 2009; Jack Oortwijn and Jan-Willem van Schaik, “European Bike Season Kicks Off with Record Highs”, Bike Europe, — см.: www.bike-eu.com, 12 May 2009; Jan-Willem van Schaik, “Giant Targets 10 % Growth in 2009”, Bike Europe, — см.: www.bike-eu.com, 21 April 2009.
531
Расчеты Earth Policy Institute на основе данных, приведенных в публикации: U. N. Population Division, op. cit. note 3, от 3,44 человек на домохозяйство в Китае in Bingham Kennedy, Jr., Dissecting China’s 200 °Census (Washington, DC: Population Reference Bureau, June 2001), и данных, взятых из публикации: National Bureau of Statistics of China и приведенных в статье: Jme McLean, “Backpedal to the Future: China’s Strength is in Its Bicycles”, E Magazine — см.: www.emagazine.com/ view/?3729, просмотрено автором 15 января 2008 г.; данные с собственности на велосипеды взяты из публикации: Netherlands Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management and Fietsberaad, Cycling in the Netherlands (The Hague and Utrecht: 2009), p. 14.
532
Производство велосипедов в Китае по информации United Nations, Yearbook of Industrial Statistics (New York: various years) и из Industrial Commodity Statistics Yearbook (New York: various years); “World Players in the Bicycle Market 2000–2007”, in John Crenshaw, Bicycle Retailer and Industry News, письмо, посланное по электронной почте Дж. Мэттью Роуни, Earth Policy Institute, 9 мая 2008 г.; данные о количестве автомобилей в Китае взяты из публикации: Ward’s Automotive Group, op. cit. note 32.
533
Доля полицейских рассчитана по данным из Matthew Hickman and Brian A. Reaves, Local Police Departments, 2003 (Washington, DC: U. S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, May 2006), pp. 3, 13; доля арестов рассчитана по данным полиции Washington, DC, озвученным в разговоре с автором.
534
Katie Zezima, “With Free Bikes, Challenging Car Culture on Campus”, New York Times, 20 October 2008.
535
Там же.
536
Glenn Collins, “Old Form of Delivery Thrives in New World of E-Commerce”, New York Times, 24 December 1999.
537
O’Meara, op. cit. note 3, pp. 47–48; John Pucher and Ralph Buehler, “Making Cycling Irresistible: Lessons from the Netherlands, Denmark, and Germany”, Transport Reviews, vol. 28, issue 4 (July 2008), pp. 495–528.
538
Pucher and Buehler, op. cit. note 39.
539
Cornelia Dean, “Bicycle Evangelist with the Wind Now at His Back”, New York Times, 13 January 2009.
540
O’Meara, op. cit. note 3, pp. 47–48; Fietsberaad, “Amsterdam: for the First Time More Transfers by Bike than by Car”, — см.: www.fietsberaad. nl, 22 January 2009.
541
Walljasper, op. cit. note 16; Interface for Cycling Expertise (I-ce), “Bicycle Partnership Program”, — см.: www.bikepartners.nl, просмотрено 12 мая 2009 г.
542
O’Meara, op. cit. note 3, pp. 47–48; Япония — по собственным наблюдениям автора.
543
Jonathan Weinert, Chaktan Ma, and Chris Cherry, “Transition to Electric Bikes in China: History and Key Reasons for Rapid Growth”, Transportation, vol. 34, no. 3 (May 2007), pp. 301–318; Austin Ramzy, “On the Streets of China, Electric Bikes Are Swarming”, Time, 14 June 2009; “India 2007: LEVs to Grow to 70,000 Units”, Bike Europe, на вебсайте www.bike-eu.com, 15 May 2008; Vietnam News Agency, “Helmet Aversion, Petrol Boost Bicycle Sales”, Viet Nam News, 8 October 2007; Elliot Gluskin, Gluskin Townley Group, дискуссия с Дж. Мэттью Роуни, Earth Policy Institute, 16 июня 2009 г.; Jack Oortwijn, “E-Bikes Beat the Crisis”, Bike Europe, 8 April 2009.
544
Sunita Narain, “The Flush Toilet is Ecologically Mindless”, Down to Earth, 28 February 2002, pp. 28–32; мертвые зоны из Robert J. Diaz and Rutger Rosenberg, “Spreading Dead Zones and Consequences for Marine Ecosystems”, Science, vol. 321 (15 August 2008), pp. 926–29; World Health Organization (WHO), World Health Report 2007 (Geneva: 2007), p. 4; U. N. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2005 (Rome: 2005).
545
Narain, op. cit. note 46.
546
Там же.
547
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), “Water Efficiency Technology Factsheet — Composting Toilets” (Washington, DC: September 1999); Jack Kieffer, Appalachia — Science in the Public Interest, Humanure: Preparation of Compost from the Toilet for Use in the Garden (Mount Vernon, KY: ASPI Publications, 1998).
548
EPA, op. cit. note 49; EPA, “Wastewater Virtual Tradeshow Technologies” — см.: www.epa.gov/region1/assistance/ceitts/wastewater/techs. html, последнее обновление 14 апреля 2009 года; число людей, живущих в условиях отсутствия санитарии, по информации WHO and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation, Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation: Special Focus on Sanitation (Geneva and New York: 2008), p. 2.
549
Rose George, “Yellow is the New Green”, (editorial), New York Times, 27 February 2009.
550
Tony Sitathan, “Bridge Over Troubled Waters”, Asia Times, 23 August 2002; “Singapore Opens Fourth Recycling Plant to Turn Sewage into Water”, Associated Press, 12 July 2005; Randal C. Archibold, “From Sewage, Added Water for Drinking”, New York Times, 27 November 2007; Randal C. Archibold, “Los Angeles Eyes Sewage as a Source of Water”, New York Times, 16 May 2008.
551
Peter H. Gleick, The World’s Water 2004–2005: The Biennial Report on Freshwater Resources (Washington, DC: Island Press, 2004), p. 149.
552
Там же.
553
“Farming in Urban Areas Can Boost Food Security”, FAO Newsroom, 3 June 2005.
554
Там же.
555
Jac Smit, “Urban Agriculture’s Contribution to Sustainable Urbanisation”, Urban Agriculture, August 2002, p. 13; Hubert de Bon, “Dry and Aquatic Peri-urban and Urban Horticulture in Hanoi, Vietnam”, in Reneˆ van Veenhuizen, ed., Cities Farming for the Future — Urban Agriculture for Green and Productive Cities (Philippines: ETC-Urban Agriculture, 2006), pp. 338–339.
556
Smit, op. cit. note 57, p. 13; pond coverage from Nitai Kundu et al., “Planning for Aquatic Production in East Kolkata Wetlands”, in van Veenhuizen, op. cit. note 57, pp. 408–409; вылов рыбы по информации Stuart Bunting et al., “Urban Aquatic Production”, in van Veenhuizen, op. cit. note 57, p. 386.
557
Smit, op. cit. note 57, p. 12.
558
“Gardening for the Poor”, FAO Newsroom, 2004; P. Bradley and C. Marulanda, “A Study on Microgardens That Help Reduce Global Poverty and Hunger”, Acta Horticulturae (ISHS), vol. 742 (2007), pp. 115–123.
559
Katherine H. Brown and Anne Carter, Urban Agriculture and Community Food Security in the United States: Farming from the City Center to the Urban Fringe (Venice, CA: Community Food Security Coalition, October 2003), p. 10.
560
Там же, р.7.
561
Там же.
562
U. N. Population Division, op. cit. note 3; U. N. Population Division, op. cit. note 2, p. 1.
563
Hari Srinivas, “Defining Squatter Settlements”, Global Development Research Center Web site — см.: www.gdrc.org/uem/define-squatter. html, просмотрено автором 9 августа 2005 г.
564
Там же.
565
O’Meara, op. cit. note 3, p. 39.
566
Rasna Warah, The Challenge, of Slums: Global Repor t on Human Settlements 2003 (New York: U. N. Human Settlements Programme, 2003).
567
