Майкл Вайс - Исламское государство. Армия террора
55 Brisard, Zarqawi, 72.
56 Weaver, 2006.
57 Napoleoni, Insurgent Iraq, 125-26; Brisard, Zarqawi, 88.
58 Napoleoni, Insurgent Iraq, 125-26; Weaver, 2006.
59 Weaver, 2006.
60 Napoleoni, Insurgent Iraq, 98–99; Weaver, 2006.
61 Napoleoni, Insurgent Iraq, 98–99.
62 Weaver, 2006.
63 Brisard, Zarqawi, 77.
64 Brisard, Zarqawi, 115.
65 Napoleoni, Insurgent Iraq, 106-07; Brisard, Zarqawi, 115-16, 122.
66 Napoleoni, Insurgent Iraq, 116-17.
67 Интервью, взятое одним из авторов, декабрь 2014 г.
68 Там же.
69 Napoleoni, Insurgent Iraq, 109.
70 Там же.
71 Price et al., 2014.
72 Brisard, Zarqawi, 96, 99-100.
73 Brisard, Zarqawi, 95.
74 Brisard, Zarqawi, 96.
75 Weaver, 2006.
76 Bill Roggio, Threat Matrix: A Blog of the Long War Journal, May 12, 2014, www.longwarjournal.org/threatmatrix/archives/2014/05/iran_ owes_al_qaeda_invaluably. php.
77 Riedel, The Search for Al Qaeda, 87–88; Gerges, The Far Enemy, 252.
78 Riedel, The Search for Al Qaeda, 88.
79 Там же.
80 Riedel, The Search for Al Qaeda, 10–11,87-89,132.
81 Riedel, The Search for Al Qaeda, 88.
Глава 21 Woods, James Lacy, and Williamson Murray, «Saddam’s Delusions» Foreign Affairs, May/June 2006, www.foreignaffairs. com/articles/61701 /kevin-woods-james-lacey-and-williamson-murray/saddams-delusions.
2 Michael R. Gordon and Bernard E. Trainor, The Endgame: The Inside Story of the Struggle for Iraq, from George W. Bush to Barack Obama (New York: Vintage Books, 2013), 20–21.
3 Там же.
4 Там же.
5 Gordon & Trainor, The Endgame, 18–20.
6 Gordon & Trainor, The Endgame, 14; «Coalition Provisional Authority Order Number 1: De-Ba’athification of Iraqi Society» The Coalition Provisional Authority, May 16, 2003, www.iraqco-alition.org/regulations/20030516_CPAORD_l_De-Ba_athifica-tion_of_Iraqi_Society_.pdf; Sharon Otterman, «IRAQ: Debaathi-fication» Council on Foreign Relations, April 7, 2005, www.cfr. org/ir aq/iraq-debaathification/p7853#p9.
7 Brian Owsley, «Iraq’s Brutal Decrees Amputation, Branding and the Death Penalty» Human Rights Watch/Middle East, June 1995, www.hrw.org/reports/1995/IRAQ955.htm.
8 Napoleoni, Insurgent Iraq, 146.
9 Joel Rayburn, Iraq After America: Strongmen, Sectarians, Resistance (Stanford, California: Hoover Institution Press, 2014) 101.
10 Rayburn, Iraq After America, 102.
11 Там же.
12 Rayburn, Iraq After America, 113.
13 Rayburn, Iraq After America, 114.
14 Интервью взятое одним из авторов, октябрь 2014 г.
15 Gordon & Trainor, The Endgame, 5.
16 Там же.
17 Rayburn, Iraq After America, 105.
18 Larriera, «Remembering Sergio Vieria de Mello Ten Years After the Attack on the UN in Baghdad» The Huffington Post, October 19, 2013, www.huffingtonpost.com/carolina-larriera/remembering-sergio-vieira_b_3779106. html.
19 Christopher Hitchens, «Why Ask Why?: Terrorists Attacks Aren’t Caused by Any Policy Except That of the Bombers Themselves»
Slate, October 3, 2005, www.slate.com/articles/news_and_ politics/fighting_words/2005/10/why_ask_why.html.
20 Gordon & Trainor, The Endgame, 22; «Iraq’s Security Services: Regime Strategic Intent — Annex C» Central Intelligence Agency, April 23, 2007, www.cia.gov/library/reports/general-reports-l/iraq_wmd_2004/chapl_annxC. html; «Special Security Organisation — SSO: Al Amn al-Khas» GlobalSecurity.org, last modified July 28, 2011, www.globalsecurity.org/intell/world/ iraq/khas.htm.
21 Интервью, взятое одним из авторов, октябрь 2014 г.
22 Murad Batal al-Shishani, «Al-Zarqawi’s Rise to Power: Analyzing Tactics and Targets» Terrorism Monitor Vol. 3 No. 22, The Jamestown Foundation, November 18,2005, www.jamestown.org/single/? tx_ ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=610&no_cache=1#.VIkl cDHF8ei.
23 Riedel, The Search for Al-Qaeda, 100,105; Lawrence Joffe, «Ayatollah Mohammad Baqir al-Hakim» obituary, The Guardian, August 29, 2003, www.theguardian.com/news/2003/aug/30/guardi-anobituaries.iraq.
24 Napoleoni, Insurgent Iraq, 108, 160–161; «Imam Ali Mosque» GlobalSecurity.org, last modified July 9,2011, www. globalsecurity. org/military/world/iraq/an-najaf-imam-ali.htm; Bassem Mroue, «Alleged Al Qaeda Militant Is Hanged» The New York Sun via The Associated Press, July 6, 2007, www.nysun.com/foreign/alleged-al-qaeda-militant-is-hanged/57989; Ben Wedemean, «FBI to Join Mosque Bombing Probe» CNN.com, September 1,2003, www.enn. com/2003/WORLD/meast/08/31/sprj.irq.main.
25 Musab Al-Zarqawi, «Letter from Abu Musab al-Zarqawi to Osama bin Laden» Council on Foreign Relations, February 1, 2004, www.cfr.org/iraq/letter-abu-musab-al-zarqawi-osama-bin-laden/p9863.
26 Там же.
27 Там же.
28 «Iraq: Islamic State Executions in Tikrit» Human Rights Watch, September 2, 2014, www.hrw.org/news/2014/09/02/iraq-islamic-state-executions-tikrit.
29 «Iraq: ISIS Executed Hundreds of Prison Inmates» Human Rights Watch, October 30,2014, www.hrw.org/news/2014/10/30/iraq-isis-executed-hundreds-prison-inmates.
30 Brisard, Zarqawi, 142-43.
31 Brisard, Zarqawi, 131.
32 Brisard, Zarqawi, 143.
33 Riedel, The Search for Al Qaeda, 103.
34 Riedel, The Search for Al Qaeda, 102-03.
35 Michael W. S. Ryan, «Dabiq: What Islamic State’s» New Maga www.jamestown.org/programs/tm/single/7tx_ttnewsttt_news=42702&cHash=0efbd71af77fb92c064b9403dc8ea838#.VLGK-7caJnzL.
36 «Four Blackwater Agents Hung in Fallujah Iraq March 31,2004» YouTube video of ABC broadcast, 2:41, posted by WARLORDS-MEDIUM, December 11, 2011, www.youtube.com/watch? v=bln0q8E5onE.
37 Gordon & Trainor, The Endgame, 23, 56–57.
38 Интервью, взятое авторами, ноябрь 2014 г.
39 Gordon & Trainor, The Endgame, 113.
40 Gordon & Trainor, The Endgame, 114.
41 Там же.
42 Bergen, The Osama bin Laden I Know, 364.
43 Riedel, The Searchfor Al Qaeda, 105.
44 Gordon & Trainor, The Endgame, 117-18.
45 Gordon & Trainor, The Endgame, 119.
46 Lt. Colonel Kenneth Estes, US Marine Corps Operations in Iraq, 203-2006 (Marine Corps History Divistion), 66; CQ Researcher, Global Issues: Selections from CQ Researcher (CQPress, 2014), ebook.
47 Napoleoni, Insurgent Iraq, 183.
48 Там же.
49 Riedel, The Search for Al Qaeda, 105.
50 Riedel, The Search for Al Qaeda, 12–13.
51 Riedel, The Search for Al Qaeda, 100.
52 Riedel, The Search for Al Qaeda, 105; Napoleoni, Insurgent Iraq, 150-53.
53 Riedel, The Search for Al Qaeda, 106.
54 Riedel, The Search for Al Qaeda, 106; «Mapping the Global Muslim Population» PewResearch, October 7, 2009, www.pewfo-rum.org/2009/10/07/mapping-the-global-muslim-popula-tion.
55 Riedel, The Search for Al Qaeda, 105.
56 Gordon & Trainor, The Endgame, 123; «Haifa St, Baghdad, Iraq» Google Maps, accessed January 17, 2015, www.google.com / maps / place / Haifa + St, + Baghdad, +Iraq/@33.3263295,44.3705687,12z/data=!4m2!3ml!ls0xl5 577f4a7ecb0a21:0x808bf83e3e9c97e9.
57 Gordon & Trainor, The Endgame, 123.
58 Там же.
59 Gordon & Trainor, The Endgame, 124.
60 Gordon 8e Trainor, The Endgame, 126.
Глава 31 Rayburn, Iraq After America, 110.
2 Warzer Jaff and Robert E. Worth, «Deadliest Single Attack Since Fall of Hussein Kills More Than 120» New York Times, February 28,2005, www.nytimes.com/2005/02/28/international/middleeast/28cnd-iraq. html.
3 «Interview Col. H. R. McMaster» Frontline End Game, June 19, 2007, www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/endgame/inter-views/mcmaster.html.
4 Gordon & Trainor, The Endgame, 36.
5 Интервью, взятое одним из авторов, декабрь 2014 г.
6 Napoleoni, Insurgent Iraq, 190.
7 «Anbar Before and After The Awakening Pt. IX: Sheik Sabah Aziz of the Albu Mahal» Musings on Iraq blog, January 23, 2014, musingsoniraq.blogspot.com/2014/01/anbar-before-and-after-awakening-pt-ix.html.
8 Hannah Allam and Mohammed al Dulaimy, «Marine-led Campaign Kill Friends and Foes, Iraqi Leaders Say» McClatchy DC via
Knight Ridder Newspapers, May 16, 2005, www.mcclatchydc. com/2005/05/16/11656_ marine-led-campaign-killed-friends. html.
9 Gordon & Trainor, The Endgame, 172; Rayburn, Iraq After America, 110-11.
10 Там же.
11 Col. Gary W. Montgomery and Timothy S. McWilliams, eds., Al-Anbar Awakening: From Insurgency to Counterinsurgency in Iraq, 2004–2009, Vol. 2, Marine Corps University Press, 2009, www.marines.mil / Portals /59 / Publications / Al-Anbar%20 Awakening%20Vol%20II_Iraqi%20Perspectives%20%2 °CN%20 10600001200_l.pdf.
12 Monte Morin, «Officer Killed by Suicide Bomb Had High Hopes for Ramadi» Stars and Stripes, January 9, 2006, www.stripes. com/news/officer-killed-by-suicide-bomb-had-high-hopes-for-ramadi-1.43384.
13 Monte Morin, «Suicide Bomb Kills Dozens of Iraqi Police Recruits, Two Americans» Stars and Stripes, January 6,2006, www.stripes. com/news/suicide-bomb-kills-dozens-of-iraqi-police-recruits-two-americans-1.43269.
14 Stephen Biddle, Jeffrey A. Friedman, and Jacob N. Shapiro, «Testing the Surge: Why Did Violence Decline in Iraq in 2007?» International Security, Vol. 37, No. 1, Summer 2012,20.
Глава 41 Rayburn, Iraq After America, 119.
2 Gordon & Trainor, The Endgame, 191-92.
3 Kanan Makiya, Cruelty and Silence: War, Tyranny, Uprising, and the Arab World (New York: Jonathan Cape, 1993).
4 Nada Bakri, «In Lebanon, New Cabinet Is Influenced by Hezbollah» New York Times, June 13, 2011, www.nytimes. com/2011/06/14/world/middleeast/14lebanon. html.
5 Gordon & Trainor, The Endgame, 101.
6 Там же.
7 Rayburn, Iraq After America, 15–17.
8 «Iraqi Miniser’s Son Misses Flight, Forces Plane Back: Airline» Reuters, March 6,2014, www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/06/us-lebanon-iraq-plane-idUSBREA2519B20140306; Rayburn, Iraq After America, 73–75.
9 Интервью, взятое одним из авторов, июнь 2014 г.
10 Dexter Filkins, «The Shadow Commander» The New Yorker, September 30, 2013, www.newyorker.com/magazine/2013/09/30/the-shadow-commander.
11 Gordon & Trainor, The Endgame, 423.
12 Gordon & Trainor, The Endgame, 313, 351-52.
13 Gordon & Trainor, The Endgame, 151,159; Filkins, 2013.
14 David Axe, «Real E. F. P.: Pocket-Sized Tank Killer» Defense Tech, February 14, 2007, defensetech.org/2007/02/14/real-e-f-p-pocket-sized-tank-killer.
15 Gordon & Trainor, The Endgame, 324-25.
16 «Treasury Targets Key Al-Qa’ida Fuding and Support Network Using Iran as a Critical Transit Point» US Department of the Treasury, July 28, 2011, www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/tgl261.aspx.
17 Filkins, 2013.
18 Gordon & Trainor, The Endgame, 140.
19 Gordon & Trainor, The Endgame, 141.
20 Там же.
21 Gordon & Trainor, The Endgame, 146.
22 «Islamic Human Rights Organization Alleges Iraqi Forces Detainee Abuse in Ninewa» Wikileaks, June 16,2005, wikileaks.org/plusd/ cables/05BAGHDAD2547_a.html.
23 Gordon & Trainor, The Endgame, 222.
24 Gordon & Trainor, The Endgame, 221–222.
25 Там же.
26 Gordon 8c Trainor, The Endgame, 185-86.
27 Там же.
28 Edward Wong and John F. Burns, «Iraqi Rift Grows After Discover of Prison, New York Times, November 17, 2005, www.nytimes. com/2005 /11 /17/international/middleeast/17iraq.html.
29 „Testimony of Dr. Matthew Levitt, Fromer-Wexler fellow and director of the Stein Program on Counterterrorism and Intelligence at The Washington Institute for Near East Policy“ US House Financial Services Committee, November 13,2014, finan-cialservices.house.gov/uploadedfiles/hhrg-113-ba00-wstate-mlevitt-20141113.pdf.
30 Интервью, взятое одним из авторов, ноябрь 2014 г.
31 US House Financial Services Committee, 2014.
32 Gordon & Trainor, The Endgame, 231; Benjamin Bahney, Howard J. Shatz, Carroll Ganier, Renny McPherson, and Barbara Sude, An Economic Analysis of the Financial Records of al-Qa’ida in Iraq (National Defense Research Institute, 2010), e-book.
33 Gordon & Trainor, The Endgame, 231.
34 US House Financial Services Committee, 2014.
35 „Zawahiri’s Letter to Zarqawi (English Translation)“ Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, October 2013, www.ctc.usma. edu/posts/zawahiris-letter-to-zarqawi-english-translation-2.
36 Riedel, The Search for Al Qaeda, 104.
37 Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, 2013.
38 Riedel, The Search for Al Qaeda, 104.
