Лестер Браун - Как избежать климатических катастроф?: План Б 4.0: спасение цивилизации
792
USDA, PS&D, op. cit. note 1;
793
FAO, 1948–1985 World Crop and Livestock Statistics (Rome: 1987); FAO, op. cit. note 10; U. N. Population Division, op. cit. note 3.
794
Данные по домашней птице получены на основе данных из Robert V. Bishop et al., The World Poultry Market — Government Intervention and Multilateral Policy Reform (Washington, DC: USDA, 1990); данные по производству говядины взяты из личной беседы с Allen Baker, сотрудником Feed Situation and Outlook, ERS, USDA, 27 апреля 1992 г.; данные по производству свинины взяты из личной беседы с Leland Southard, сотрудником Livestock and Poultry Situation and Outlook, 27 апреля 1992 г.; данные по рыбе взяты из Rosamond Naylor et al., “Effect of Aquaculture on World Fish Supplies”, Nature, vol. 405 (29 June 2000), pp. 1017–1024.
795
FAO, op. cit. note 10.
796
FAO, FISHSTAT Plus, электронная база данных — см. www.fao.org, данные обновлены в феврале 2009 г.; Naylor et al., op. cit. note 39.
797
FAO, op. cit. note 41; Taija-Riitta Tuominen and Maren Esmark, Food for Though: The Use of Marine Resources in Fish Feed (Oslo: WWF-Norway, 2003); Rosamоnd Naylor and Marshall Burke, “Aquaculture and Ocean Resources: Raising Tigers of the Sea”, Annual Review of Environmental Resources, vol. 30 (November 2005), pp. 185–218.
798
FAO, op. cit. note 41.
799
S. F. Li, “Aquaculture Research and Its Relation to Development in China”, in World Fish Center, Agricultural Development and the Opportunities for Aquatic Resources Research in China (Penang, Malaysia: 2001), p. 26; FAO, op. cit. note 41.
800
FAO, op. cit. note 10; FAO, op. cit. note 41.
801
Naylor et al., op. cit. note 39; W. C. Nandeesha et al., “Breeding of Carp with Oviprim” in Indian Branch, Asian Fisheries Society, India, Special Publication No. 4 (Mangalore, India: 1990), p.1.
802
“Mekong Delta to Become Biggest Aquatic Producer in Vietnam”, Vietnam News Agency, 3 August 2004; “The Mekong Delta Goes Ahead with the WTO”, Vietnam Economic News Online, 8 June 2007; FAO, op. cit. note 41.
803
Naylor et al., op. cit. note 39; FAO, op. cit. note 41; USDA, NASS, Catfish Production (Washington, DC: 30 January 2009), pp. 17–20; U. N. Population Division, op. cit. note 3.
804
USDA, Foreign Agricultural Service, Oilseeds: World Market and Trade (Washington, DC: May 2009).
805
USDA, PS&D, op. cit. note 1.
806
Исторические данные взяты из USDA, in Worldwatch Institute, op. cit. note 18; USDA, PS&D, op. cit. note 1.
807
FAO, op. cit. note 10.
808
S. C Dhall and Meena Dhall, “Dairy Industry — India’s Strength in Its Livestock”, Business Line, интернет-издание Financial Daily, Hindu group of publication, 7 November 1997; также см. Surinder Sud, “India Is Now World’s Larger Milk Producer”, India Perspectives, May 1999, pp. 25–26; A. Banerjee, “Dairying Systems in India“, World Animal Review, vol. 79, no. 2 (1994).
809
FAO, op. cit. note 10; U. N. Population Division, op. cit. note 3.
810
Dhall and Dhall, op. cit. note 53; Banerjee, op. cit. note 53; FAO, op. cit. note 10.
811
John Wade, Adam Branson and Xiang Qing, China Grain and Feed Annual Report 2002 (Beijing: USDA, 2002); Gao Tengyun, “Treatment and Utilization of Crop Straw and Stover in China”, Livestock Research for Rural Development, February 2000.
812
USDA, ERS, “China’s Beef Economy: Production, Marketing, Consumption and Foreign Trade”, International Agriculture and Trade reports: China (Washington, DC: July 1998), p. 28.
813
FAO, op. cit. note 10; FAO, op. cit. note 41; U. N. Population Division, op. cit. note 3.
814
U. N. Population Division, op. cit. note 3; данные по экономическому росту Китая взяты из International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Economic Outlook Database — см. www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo, данные обновлены в апреле 2009 г.; FAO, FAOSTAT, электронная база данных — см. faostat.fao.org, данные обновлены 30 июня 2007 г.
815
Lisa McLaughlin, “Inner-City Farms”, Time, 4 August 2008; Caryn Rousseau, “More Schools Cultivate Learning in Student Gardens”, Associated Press, 17 November 2008; USDA, Agricultural Marketing Service, “Farmers Market Growth: 1994–2008” — см. www.ams.usda. gov, данные обновлены 22 сентября 2008 г.
816
Исторические данные взяты из Carolyn Dimitri, Anne Effland and Neilson Conklin, The 20th Century Transformation of U. S. Agriculture and Farm Policy (Washington, DC: USDA, ERS, June 2005), p. 5; USDA, NASS, 2007 Census of Agriculture (Washington, DC: February 2009), pp. 7, 64, 110–111; Andrew Martin, “Farm Living (Subsidized by a Job Elsewhere)”, New York Times, 8 February 2009.
817
Martin, op. cit. note 61; USDA, op. cit. note 61, pp. 52, 66–67.
818
Marian Burros, “Obamas to Plant Vegetable Garden at White House”, New York Times, 20 March 2009; Michelle Polan, “Farmer in Chief”, New York Times Magazine, 12 October 2008.
819
Cristina Milesi et al., “Mapping and Modeling the Biogeochemical Cycling of Turf Grasses in the United States”, Environmental Management, vol. 36, no. 3 (19 July 2005), pp. 426–438.
820
McLaughlin, op. cit. note 60; “Digging Their Way Out of Recession”, The Economist, 26 February 2009; Adrian Higgins, “Community Gardens Need Room to Grow”, Washington Post, 14 February 2008.
821
USDA, op. cit. note 60; текущие данные получены от Joan Shaffer, USDA, Agricultural Marketing Service, и из личной беседы с Дж Мэттью Роуни, Earth Policy Institute, 13 мая 2009 г.; Valerie Bauman, “More Farmers Markets to Accept Food Stamps”, Associated Press, 26 August 2008.
822
Rousseau, op. cit. note 60; Mary MacVean, “Maria Shriver Says Edible Garden Will Be Planted in Capitol Park Flower Bed”, Los Angeles Times, 27 March 2009.
823
Marian Burros, “Supermarket Chains Narrow Their Sights”, New York Times, 6 August 2008; “Digging Their Way Out of Recession”, op. cit. note 65.
824
Rich Pirog and Andrew Benjamin, Checking the Food Odometer: Comparing Food Miles for Local Versus Conventional Produce Sales to Iowa Institutions (Ames, IA: Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture, Iowa State University, July 2003); Michael Pollan, In Defense of Food (New York: The Penguin Group, 2008), pp. 157–158; Marc Xuereb, Food Miles: Environmental Implications of Food Imports to Waterloo Region (Waterloo, ON: Region of Waterloo Public Health, November 2005); Erika Engelhaupt, “Do Food Miles Matter?” Environmental Science and Technology Online — см.: pubs.acs.org, 16 апреля 2008;
825
“The Environment: Not on the Label”, The Economist, 19 May 2007 г.; John Waples, “Tesco Turns Itself into a Green Giant”, Sunday Times (London), 31 мая 2009; Tesco PLC, “Tesco Wins Green ‘Gold Standart’ Award”, press release (Hertfordshire, U. K.: 5 June 2009); Miles Costello, “Tesco Reports Record £3 Billion Profit”, The Times (London), 21 April 2009 г.
826
Lauren Etter, “Lofty Prices for Fertilizer Put Farmers in a Squeeze”, Wall Street Journal, 27 May 2008 г.; David A. Vaccari, “Phosphorus: A Looming Crisis”, Scientific American, June 2009, pp. 54–59.
827
Program for Appropriate Technology in Health and U. N. Population Fund, Meeting the Need: Strengthening Family Planning Programs (Seattle, WA: 2006), pp. 5–11;
828
Данные автора, вычисленные на основе данных из USDA, PS&D, op. cit. note 1; U. N. Poulation Division, op. cit. note 3.
829
USDA, PS&D, op. cit. note 1; U. N. Poulation Division, op. cit. note 3; FAO, FAOSTAT, электронная база данных — см. faostat.fao.org, данные обновлены в мае 2008 г.
830
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, “Total Health Expenditure per Capita, US$ PPP” из OECD Health Data 2008 — Frequently Requested Data — см. www.oecd.org, декабрь 2008 г.; FAO, op. cit. note 59.
831
Gidon Eshel and Pamela A. Martin, “Diet, Energy, and Global Warming”, Earth Interactions, vol. 10, no. 9 (April 2006), pp. 1–17.
832
Данные по домашней птице взяты из Bishop et al., op. cit. note 39; по говядине — из Baker, op. cit. note 39; по рыбе — из Naylor et al., op. cit. note 39.
833
Площадь земель оценена на основе данных, приведенных в работе: Stanley Wood, Kate Sebastian and Sara J. Scherr, Pilot Analysis of Global Ecosystems: Agroecosystems (Washington, DC: IFPRI and World Resources Institute, 2000), p. 3.
834
Данные об эффективности взяты из USDA, NASS, Agricultural Statisctics 2008 (Washington, DC: 2008), p. I-21, III-16.
835
USDA, PS&D, op. cit. note 1; USDA, Feedgrains Database, op. cit. note 1; U. N. Population Division, op. cit. note 3.
836
Затраты на приобретение земли взяты из Joachim von Braun, IFPRI, цитируется по Joe DeCapua, “Food Crisis Triggers Land Grab in Developing Countries, Voice of America News, 29 April 2009.
837
Питер Голдмарк, Фонд защиты окружающей среды, послание автору по электронной почте 28 июня 2009 г.
838
Lester R. Brown, “Could Food Shortages Bring Down Civilization?”, Scientific American, May 2009, pp. 50–57.
839
Mohammad Yunus and Karl Weber, Creating a World Without Poverty (New York: PublicAffairs, 2008), p. 105.
840
Йостин Дале, дискуссия с автором на Конференции о состоянии мира, Аспен, Колорадо, 22 июля 2001 г.
841
Норвегия, Коста-Рика и Мальдивы из Сети нейтрального климата Программы ООН по окружающей среде, «Страны» — см.: www.unep. org/climateneutral, просмотрено 24 июня 2009 г.; Olivia Lang, “Maldives Vows to be First Carbon-neutral Nation”, Reuters, 15 March 2009.
842
UNEP, “UNEP Unveils the Climate Neutral Network to Catalyze a Transition to a Low Carbon World” press release (Nairobi: Climate Neutral Network, 21 February 2008).
843
Redefining Progress, “The Economists’ Statement on Climate Change” — см.: www.rprogress.org/publications/1997/econstatement.htm, просмотрено автором 26 июня 2008 г.
