Нина Пусенкова - Английский язык. Практический курс для решения бизнес-задач
Keys to Exercises
Lesson 1
Exercise 5.levers, workforce, performance, command-and-control, delivers, environment, decision-making, delegation of authority, salary, fringe benefits, remuneration, driver, gain, adhere, assumption, job satisfaction, hygiene, extrinsic, challenging, rewards, value, needs
Lesson 2
Exercise 3.It is generally believed that stakeholders include employees, shareholders, creditors, suppliers, customers, competitors, government bodies, non-governmental organizations (particularly environmental organizations) and local communities.
Exercise 6.innovation, decision making, opportunities, founder, chains of command, channels of communication, accountable, multi-disciplined teams, associates, sponsors, objectives, skills, environment, credibility, drive, contribution, appointed, emerge, adhere, fairness, scope of responsibility, commitments, image
Lesson 3
Exercise 2.The following statements are incorrect: 3, 4, 6, 9, 10.
Exercise 5.manufacturer, designs, development, planners, engineers, showrooms, sales, focus, market share, delivering, competitive, customer, loyal, competitors, innovative, interviewed, launched, quality
Lesson 4
Exercise 4.employment, retirement, remuneration, promotions, appraisal, welfare, seniority, minority, staff, flexibility, operating costs, tasks, generalist, rotate, training, key performance indicators, recruitment, operational level, efficiency, commitment, focus, hands-on, trouble shooter, subordiante, development, decision making, embedded, values
Lesson 5
Exercise 3.Henry Ford – 5, Pavel Tretiakov – 2, Lee Iacocca – 3, Steve Jobs – 1, Vagit Alekperov – 5.
Exercise 4.CEO, transformed, market value, innovations, legacy, division, payroll, layoffs, focused, efficiency, cost structure, acquire, problem solving, differentiating, job evaluations, staff, rewarded, closing deals, leadership, reducing costs, launched, customers, suppliers base
Lesson 6
Exercise 2. value, estimate, assess, appraise, evaluate, rate
Exercise 4. execs, profits, performance, CEOs, revamped, underachieving, strategic decisions, pursue, overrated, brand, R&D team, outsourcing, price wars, value, shares, rebound, revenues, trends, shareholders, counterpart, growth, installations, approach, acquisition, shareholder value, deal, bid, competitor, fail, drive, boom, market niche, communications, failure, single-digit, stock price, stability, competition, cut costs
Lesson 7
Exercise 3.aim, target, end, task, objective, goal, mission, purpose
Exercise 4.progresses, marketing strategy, marketing mix, product awareness, branding, patents, trademarks, low penetration pricing, market share, high «skimming» pricing, development costs, selective, innovators, early adopters, communications, brand preference, features, demand, audience, diminishes, objective, maximizing, differentiate, incentives, focuses, maintain, reduce costs, loyal niche segment, discontinue, inventory
Lesson 8
Exercise 1.The following statements are not correct: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10.
Exercise 2.make-and-sell marketing, sense-and-respond marketing, mass marketing, customized marketing, transaction marketing, relationship marketing, mediated marketing, direct marketing, single-channel marketing, multichannel marketing, product-centric marketing, customer-centric marketing, segment marketing, niche marketing, one-to-one marketing, Web marketing, database marketing, telemarketing, experiential marketing
Exercise 3.measure, performance, apply, superior, strategic management, evaluate, industry, develop, adopt, one-off, challenge, competitive, data, references, design, implementation, objectives, scope, support, approach, identify, surveys, implement, pilot, strategies, compete, focuses, perform, achieve, ranging, misunderstanding
Lesson 9
Exercise 3. corporate strategy, core, core competence, lower cost, consolidate, adapt, skills, portfolio, primacy, corporation business units, add value, competence building, access, perceived, competitors, enhancement, focus, world leadership, identified, perform, share
Lesson 10
Exercise 5.business strategy, fragmented, player, concentrated, strategic planning, predict, goal, intelligence, range, strategy decisions, drive, response profile, offensive, defensive, estimated, leverage
Lesson 11
Exercise 2.1. focused, 2. outcome, 3. drivers, 4. implemented, 5. objective, 6. incurred, 7. link, 8. customized
Exercise 4.tools, capability, performance, defect, morale, measure, pioneered, focuses, deviations, critical, variation, stability, delivering, perfection, number, figure, eliminate, zero-defects, origin, training, responsibility, supervise, scope, goals, implement, sponsors, objectives, occurrence, data, mapped, verified, identifying, effective, controls, sustain
Lesson 12
Exercise 2. Statements 1, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 13 are not correct.
Exercise 3. 1. message, 2. cost of capital, 3. dividend, 4. performance, 5. peer, 6. NPV, 7. appreciation, 8. economic profit, 9. stock market
Exercise 4.corporate value, segments, worldwide, applied, goal-driven, decentralized, gaps, target, budgeted, reporting, linked, proactive, earning power, cost of capital, rate of return, profitability, benchmark, bonus, remuneration, performance, expansion, business units, withdrawal, entry, value generators, cash providers, dividend, core
Lesson 13
Exercise 2. 1. takeover; 2. outsider; 3. venture; 4. stock exchange; 5. volatility; 6. collusion; 7. bribe; 8. sophisticated
Exercise 4.balance of power, shifted, provided, independent, accounting scandal, run, destroy, consolidate, helm, appreciate, lawyers relations, shareholder value, expertise, shareholders, exercised, attitude, mentality, liability, failures, effectively, bankrupt, claims, auditors cooperation, outside, investigate, blame, motto, treatment, transactions, environment, fundamental, turnaround, corporate governance, stock options, competitive, performance, stock prices, abuses, set, fees, quality, issues, deals, regulators, micromanagement, risk averse, boards, downsizing, charge, advisors, consensus
Lesson 14
Exercise 2. 1. bankrupt, 2. auditor, 3. competitor, 4. merger, 5. scholarship, 6. commitment, 7. offset, 8. suit. 9. core, 10. provision
Exercise 5. bonuses, board, staff, competitiveness, checks and balances, fiscal, decisions, profits, corruption, hiring, human resources, recruiters, job, managers, environment, monitoring, basics, enforce, vision, units, employee-evaluation, ranking, downgrading, division, fire, rating, values, Task Force, failed, rules, demand, deal, background, trading, endorsed, consulting, hands-off, skills, executives, experience, run, financial statements
Lesson 15
Exercise 2.1. community, 2. fiduciary, 3. constituent, 4. procedure, 5. outcome, 6. expertise, 7. covenant, 8. endorse, 9. bylaw
Exercise 4.fraud, corporate governance, remuneration, stock options, executives, accounts, failed, boards, audit, auditors, credit rating, analysts, SEC, investment banks, deals, checks and balances, reporting, effectiveness, independence, chairman, conflicts of interest, issues, senior, best practice, responsibility, managing risks, accountability, embedded, quality, competence, staff, threat, malfeasance, whistleblowers, procedure, HR, mitigate, ethical, internal, domestic, operate, compliance, scope, discretion, empowerment, approach, values, scheme, principle, accountancy, focus, IT, background, expenses claims, security, controls
Lesson 16
Exercise 2.1. obligation, 2. sensitive, 3. supranational, 4. charity, 5. welfare, 6. litigation, 7. fine, 8. morale
Exercise 4.contribution, operations, employment, staff, downsizing, local content, expenditures, remuneration, statutory, allowance, bribes, corruption, facilitation, integrity, soliciting, dismissed, bidding, target, breaches, behalf, complaint, environmental, emissions, impacts, installations, certification, occupational safety, developing and emerging, competition, procedure, violate, training, completed, guilty, infringed, cartels, fines, fair trading, bids, defense, contested
Lesson 17
Exercise 2.pure competition, perfect competition, cutthroat competition, intense competition, moderate competition, weak competition, price competition, competition for customers, industry competition
Exercise 4. profitability, attractiveness, positioned, superior, leveraging, generic, business unit, low cost, profit, rivals, average, price war, matures, cost advantage, efficiencies, sustain, improves, leapfrog, targeting, segments, attributes, customers, value added, premium, incurred, suppliers, pass along, substitute, imitation, pursuing, narrow, loyalty, bargaining, target, broad-market, sub-segment, compatible, attempts, long term, «stuck in the middle»
Lesson 18
Exercise 2.The following statements are not correct: 2, 3, 5, 8, 9.
Exercise 4.fair, sue, media, governments, stake, major, privatization, investment, risks, players, outbid, investors, favorite, rumored, bid, backing, CEO, decision, analysts, access, replacement, alliance, know-how, equity, partnership, agreement, rights, deal, starting, stock, trading, boost, image, community, treatment, claims, majority, renationalized, stability, property, campaign, unpredictable
Lesson 19
Exercise 2.1. Seed Capital. 2. Startup. 3. First Stage. 4. Second Stage. 5. Third Stage. 6. Mezzanine Financing. 7. Private Placement. 8. Dilution. 9. Due Diligence. 10. Feasibility Study. 11. Equity Stake. 12. Sweat Equity.
Exercise 3.The following statements are not correct: 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9.
Exercise 4.agricultural, Apples, advantages, «science parks», attributed, institutions of higher education, hiring, faculty, recruit, cutting-edge, applications, marketplace, funds, equipment, commercialize, rent, fledgling, agglomeration, efforts, core, start up, semiconductor, revolutionized, scholars, founded, resign, manufacture, developed, pattern, outside, offshoots, government, underestimated, relocation, contractor, defence, procurement, highly qualified, rise, frontier, launched, trailblazers, communities, ventures, rewards, entrepreneurs, competing, rival, hierarchies, decentralization, autonomy, hi-tech, VC, IPO
Lesson 20
Exercise 2. repair, renew, retool, refurbish, revamp, revive, restore, refresh, refit, rehabilitate, recover, renovate, rationalize, reshape, upgrade
Exercise 3. 1. Crown Jewel. 2. Golden Parachute. 3. Greenmail. 4. Killer Bees. 5. Lobster Trap. 6. Maiden. 7. Nancy Reagan Defense. 8. Pac Man. 9. Parking. 10. Poison Pill. 11. Raider. 12. Safe Harbor. 13. Scorched Earth Defense. 14. Shark Repellents. 15. Stripper. 16. Suicide Pill. 17. White Knight.
Exercise 4. corporate finance, due diligence, shareholder value, swap, entity, «demerger», debt, acquiring, equity interest, high-yield, leveraged buyout, risk, third parties, cost of capital, borrower, shareholder’s equity, economies of scale, overlapping, capturing, cross selling, accounts, complementary, synergy, loss maker, write-offs, diversification, conservative, deliver value, downturn, portfolios, unmanageable, profile, empire building, remuneration, incentive
Lesson 21
Exercise 2.1. bull market, 2. current account, 3. default, 4. emerging markets, 5. globalization, 6. International Financial Corporation, 7. monetary policy, 8. systemic risk, 9. World Bank.
Exercise 3.
Counterparty risk – risk that a counterparty to a purchase or sale may fail to discharge his obligations.
Country (sovereign) risk – the hazard that political risk may arise in the country of operations.
Credit (repayment) risk – risk of a payer’s or a borrower’s failure to meet commitments.
Currency (exchange, trading, translation, transaction) risk – the risk, attaching to securities deals denominated in foreign currencies, that unforeseen exchange rate changes may affect balance-sheet value in the home currency or income amounts in the home currency.
Default risk – risk of a counterparty’s failure to make payments or repayments of interest or principal on the due date.
Delivery risk – risk that a party to a deal fails to make the contracted delivery.
Inflation risk – risk of devaluation of assets or incomes because of price hikes.
Interest rate risk – risk of losses because of changes in interest rates.
Liquidity risk – the risk in securities trading that the price of a security may fluctuate excessively owing to the lack of a sufficient volume of trading in the market.
Market risk – risk that an asset price drops and its owner incurs losses while selling the asset.
Operational risk – risk of careless or unprofessional actions of management resulting in losses.
Political risk – the risk of an adverse change in official policy such as in regard to taxation, tariffs, quotas, currency control, foreign ownership, nationalization, interest rates, etc.
Price risk – risk of changes in commodity or financial instrument prices over time.
Reinvestment risk – uncertainty about the future level of returns and interest rates after the current investment expires.
Systematic risk – risk that is characteristic for all securities of a given class and cannot be eliminated through portfolio diversification.
Systemic risk – a situation when problems in any one financial institution or market may spread, widely endangering the whole system.
