Карл Роджерс - О становлении личностью
Если мы выбираем использовать наши научные знания для того, чтобы сделать людей свободными, это потребует от нас искренне и открыто жить лицом к лицу с великим парадоксом наук о поведении. Мы признаем, что если рассматривать поведение как научный феномен, то лучше всего, конечно, считать, что оно вызывается предшествующей причиной. Это важный научный факт. Но способность к ответственному личному выбору, которая есть наиболее существенным признаком человека, а также главным опытом психотерапии, существующим до какого-либо научного исследования, – это не менее важный факт нашей жизни. Нам нужно жить, понимая, что отрицать реальность существования ответственного личного выбора столь же неразумно и недальновидно, как отрицать возможность существования наук о поведении. Тот факт, что эти два важнейших элемента нашего опыта кажутся взаимоисключающими, имеет, по-видимому, такое же значение, как и противоречие между волновой и корпускулярной теориями света, которые обе могут быть признаны правильными, хотя и несовместимы друг с другом. Мы не можем с пользой для дела отрицать нашу субъективную жизнь, равно как не можем отрицать и объективное описание этой жизни.
В заключение хочу сказать, что глубоко убежден в невозможности науки без субъективного выбора ценностей, которых мы желаем достичь. Избранные нами ценности всегда лежат вне той науки, которая обеспечивает их достижение. Определение целей и результатов, которые мы хотим получить, всегда должно осуществляться за пределами науки, которая их достигает. Мне это позволяет сделать обнадеживающий вывод о том, что человек с его способностью к субъективному выбору может и непременно будет существовать всегда, прежде и независимо от его любого научного предприятия. До тех пор пока мы – отдельные лица и целые группы – не откажемся от нашей способности к субъективному выбору, мы всегда будем свободными людьми, а не просто пешками нами же созданной науки о поведении.
Литература
Глава 3
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Глава 5
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Глава 8
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Глава 11
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Глава 12
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Глава 14
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Глава 18
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Глава 20
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