Ричард Нисбетт - Мозгоускорители. Как научиться эффективно мыслить, используя приемы из разных наук
105
Kunda and Nisbett, “The Psychometrics of Everyday Life.”
106
Rein, Martin, and Lee Rainwater. "How Large Is the Welfare Class?" Challenge (Sep-Oct 1977): 20-33.
107
Kahneman, Daniel. Thinking, Fast and Slow. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2011.
108
Smedslund, Jan. “The Concept of Correlation in Adults.” Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 4 (1963): 165-73.
109
Zagorsky, Jay L. “Do You Have to Be Smart to Be Rich? The Impact of IQ on Wealth, Income and Financial Distress.” Intelligence 35 (2007): 489-501.
110
Kuncel, Nathan R., Sarah A. Hezlett, and Deniz S. Ones. “A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis of the Predictive Validity of the Graduate Record Examinations: Implications for Graduate Student Selection and Performance.” Psychological Bulletin 127 (2001): 162-81.
111
Chapman, Loren J., and Jean P. Chapman. “Genesis of Popular but Erroneous Diagnostic Observations.” Journal of Abnormal Psychology 72 (1967): 193-204.
112
Chapman, Loren J., and Jean P. Chapman. “Genesis of Popular but Erroneous Diagnostic Observations.” Journal of Abnormal Psychology 72 (1967): 193-204.
113
Seligman, Martin E. P. “On the Generality of the Laws of Learning.” Psychological Review 77 (1970): 127-90.
114
Jennings, Dennis, Teresa М. Amabile, and Lee Ross. “Informai Covariation Assessment: Data-Based Vs. Theory-Based Judgments.” In Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases, edited by Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1980.
115
Valochovic, R. W., С. W. Douglass, С. S. Berkey, В. J. McNeil, and H. H. Chauncey. “Examiner Reliability in Dental Radiography.” Journal of Dental Research 65 (1986): 432-36.
116
Keel, B. A. “How Reliable Are Results from the Semen Analysis?” Fertility and Sterility 82 (2004): 41-44.
117
Lu, J-C, F. Chen, H-R Xu, and N-Q Lu. "Comparison of Three Sperm-Counting Methods for the Determination of Sperm Concentration in Human Semen and Sperm Suspensions." LabMedicine 38(2007): 232-36.
118
Kunda, Ziva, and Richard E. Nisbett. "Prediction and the Partial Understanding of the Law of Large Numbers." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 22 (1986): 339-54.
119
Kunda, Ziva, and Richard E. Nisbett. "Prediction and the Partial Understanding of the Law of Large Numbers." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 22 (1986): 339-54.
120
Fong, Geoffrey T., David H. Krantz, and Richard E. Nisbett. "The Effects of Statistical Training on Thinking About Everyday Problems." Cognitive Psychology 18 (1986): 253-92.
121
Christian, Brian. "The A/B Test: Inside the Technology That's Changing the Rules of Business." Wired (2012). http://www.wired.com/business/2012/04/ffabtesting/.
122
Carey, Benedict. “Academic ‘Dream Team’ Helped Obama’s Effort.” The New York Times. Published electronically Nov. 13, 2013.
123
Moss, Michael. “Nudged to the Produce Aisle by a Look in the Mirror.” The New York Times. Published electronically August 28, 2013.
124
Там же.
125
Cialdini, Robert В. Influence: How and Why People Agree to Things. New York: Quill, 1984.
126
Cialdini, Robert В. Influence: How and Why People Agree to Things. New York: Quill, 1984.
127
См., например, McDade et al., “Early Origins of Inflammation: Microbial Exposures in Infancy Predict Lower Levels of С-Reactive Protein in Adulthood.”
128
Bisgaard, H., N. Li, K. Bonnelykke, B. L. K. Chawes, T. Skov, G. Pauldan- Muller, J. Stokholm, B. Smith, and K.A. Krogfelt. “Reduced Diversity of the Intestinal Microbiota During Infancy Is Associated with Increased Risk of Allergic Disease at School Age.” Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 128 (2011): 646-52.
129
Olszak, Torsten, D. An, S. Zeissig, M.P. Vera, J. Richter, A. Franke, J.N. Glickman et al. “Microbial Exposure During Early Life Has Per sis tent Effects on Natural Killer T Cell Function.” Science 336 (2012): 489-93.
130
Slomski, Anita. “Prophylactic Probiotic May Prevent Colic in Newborns.” Journal of the American Medical Association 311 (2014).
131
Balistreri, William F. “Does Childhood Antibiotic Use Cause IBD?” Medscape Today (January 2013). http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/777412.
132
Kuo, Frances Е., and William С. Sullivan. “Aggression and Violence in the Inner City: Effects of Environment via Mental Fatigue.” Environment and Behavior 33 (2001): 543-71.
133
Там же.
134
Hamre, B.K., and R.C. Pianta. “Can Instructional and Emotional Support in the First- Grade Classroom Make a Difference for Children at Risk of School Failure?” Child Development 76 (2005): 949-67.
135
Kuo, Frances E., and William C. Sullivan. “Aggression and Violence in the Inner City: Effects of Environment via Mental Fatigue.” Environment and Behavior 33 (2001): 543-71.
136
Нисбетт Р. Что такое интеллект и как его развивать. Роль образования и традиций. — М.: Альпина нон-фикшн, 2015.
137
Deming, David. “Early Childhood Intervention and Life-Cycle Skill Development.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics (2009): 111-34.
138
Magnuson, K., C. Ruhm, and J. Waldfogel. “How Much Is Too Much? The Influence of Preschool Centers on Children’s Social and Cognitive Development.” Economics of Education Review 26 (2007): 52-66.
139
Roberts, N.P., N.J. Kitchiner, J. Kenardy, and J. Bisson. “Multiple Session Early Psychological Interventions for Prevention of Post-Traumatic Disorder.” Cochrane Summaries (2010). http://summaries.cochrane.org/CD006869/multiple-session-early-psychological-interventions-for-prevention-of-post-traumatic-stress-disorder.
140
Wilson, Timothy D. Redirect: The Surprising New Science of Psychological Change. New York: Little, Brown, 2011.
141
Pennebaker, James W. “Putting Stress into Words: Health, Linguistic and Therapeutic Implications.” Behavioral Research and Therapy 31 (1993): 539-48.
142
Wilson, Timothy D. Redirect: The Surprising New Science of Psychological Change. New York: Little, Brown, 2011.
143
Последний выпуск 9 сезона программы «Напуганы, точно!» был показан на канале А&Е 3 сентября 2015 г. — Прим. пер.
144
Wilson, Timothy D. Redirect: The Surprising New Science of Psychological Change. New York: Little, Brown, 2011.
145
Там же.
146
Prentice, Deborah A., and Dale T. Miller. “Pluralistic Ignorance and Alcohol Use on Campus: Some Consequences of Misperceiving the Social Norm.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 64 (1993): 243-56.
147
Термин «регрессия» может слегка сбить с толку, поскольку кажется, что выражение «регрессия к среднему значению» — это совсем не то, что исследование соотношения между набором независимых переменных и зависимой переменной. Одно и то же слово используется для таких разных целей потому, что Карл Пирсон, изобретатель корреляционного метода, названного его именем, впервые использовал его для изучения корреляции внутри популяции связанных между собой индивидов. Корреляция роста отцов и детей всегда показывает регрессию к среднему значению. У необычайно высоких отцов сыновья, как правило, ниже их, у отцов очень маленького роста сыновья обычно повыше. Корреляция здесь — это простой анализ регрессии, связывающей одну переменную с другой. Множественная регрессия изучает связь каждой отдельной переменной из целого набора с каждой другой переменной из другого набора.
148
Cheney, Gretchen. “National Center on Education and the Economy: New Commission on the Skills of the American Workforce.” National Center on Education and the Economy, 2006.
149
Heraty, Noreen, Michael J. Morley, and Alma McCarthy. “Vocational Education and Training in the Republic of Ireland: Institutional Reform and Policy Developments Since the 1960s.” Journal of Vocational Education and Training 52 (2000): 177-99.
150
Hanushek, Eric A. “The Economics of Schooling: Production and Efficiency in Public Schools.” Journal of Economic Literature 24 (1986): 1141-77.
151
Krueger, Alan B. “Experimental Estimates of Education Production Functions.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 114 (1999): 497-532.
152
Shin, In-Soo, and Jae Young Chung. “Class Size and Student Achievement in the United States: A Meta-Analysis.” Korean Educational Institute Journal of Educational Policy 6 (2009): 3-19.
153
Samieri, C, C. Feart, C. Proust-Lima, E. Peuchant, C. Tzourio, C. Stapf, C. Berr, and P. Barberger- Gateau. “Olive Oil Consumption, Plasma Oleic Acid, and Stroke Incidence.” Neurology 77 (2011): 418-25.
154
Fong, Calvin S., P. Mitchell, E. Rochtchina, E. T. Teber, T. Hong, and J. J. Wang. “Correction of Visual Impairment by Cataract Surgery and Improved Survival in Older Persons.” Ophthalmology 120 (2013): 1720-27.
155
Samieri, C., C. Feart, C. Proust-Lima, E. Peuchant, C. Tzourio, C. Stapf, C. Berr, and P. Barberger-Gateau. “Olive Oil Consumption, Plasma Oleic Acid, and Stroke Incidence.” Neurology 77 (2011): 418-25.
156
Humphrey, Linda L., and Benjamin K. S. Chan. “Postmenopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy and the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease.” Annals of Internal Medicine 137 (2002). Published electronically August 20, 2002.
157
Klein, Е. A. “Vitamin Е and the Risk of Prostate Cancer: The Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial.” Journal of the American Medical Association 306 (2011). Published electronically October 12, 2011.
158
Offit, Paul A. Do You Believe in Magic? The Sense and Nonsense of Alternative Medicine. New York: Harper-Collins, 2013.
159
Там же.
160
Lowry, Annie. “Caught in a Revolving Door of Unemployment.” The New York Times, November 16, 2013.
161
Kahn, Robert. “Our Long-Term Unemployment Challenge (in Charts).” 2013. http://blogs.cff.org/kahn/2013/04/17/our-long-term-unemployment-challenge-in-charts/.
162
Bertrand, Marianne, and Sendhil Mullainathan. “Are Emily and Greg More Employable Than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination.” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 9873, 2003.
163
Fryer, Roland G., and Steven D. Levitt. “The Causes and Consequences of Distinctively Black Names.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 119 (2004): 767-805.
