Милтон Селигман - Обычные семьи, особые дети
Со времени первого издания этой книги в 1989 году во многих профессиональных дисциплинах произошел сдвиг в сторону системной модели. В сферах образования, социальной работы, медицины и развития ребенка можно найти множество примеров подходов, в которых принимается во внимание вся семья. Растущий интерес к культурным различиям также повышает внимание к расположению семьи на карте социального мира. Мы постарались зафиксировать некоторые из этих изменений в своей книге. Надеемся, что наше издание станет не только отражением перемен, но и их дальнейшим катализатором.
Семья – наш важнейший ресурс. Именно в семье индивид получает первые знания, навыки и переживания. У ребенка из сильной семьи есть возможность вырасти сильным человеком. Невозможно помочь ребенку, не помогая его семье. Только при сотрудничестве специалиста и семьи возможно эффективное вмешательство. Следовательно, специалист должен понимать мир, в котором живет ребенок, – мир семьи.
Семья, в свою очередь, встроена в более крупные социальные структуры. Она – часть системы убеждений, ценностей и типов поведения, формирующих ее мышление и ее действия. Реакции на нарушения у детей – продукты социума, формирующиеся на протяжении всей жизни. Если мы действительно хотим помочь семье – мы должны делать это на ее условиях, в контексте ее системы понятий. Только с помощью такого системного подхода можем мы надеяться улучшить качество жизни обычных семей, в которых рождаются дети с необычными потребностями.
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