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Примечания
1
См. библиографию архивных материалов и другие первоисточники, использованные в этом исследовании.
2
HP. Интервью брались в лагерях для перемещенных лиц и в США после 1945 г. Благодаря переводу на английский язык сохранялась анонимность опрашиваемых.
3
В Европе и обеих Америках учителей при развертывании школьного обучения оскорбляли, им угрожали и в них даже стреляли.
4
К «местным властям» относились председатели колхозов, члены сельских советов, партийные, комсомольские и профсоюзные деятели. См.: Фицпатрик Ш. Сталинские крестьяне. С. 196-220.
5
Фицпатрик доказывает, что в колхозной деревне женщины, оказавшись у кормила власти, часто становились жертвами пересудов и сплетен об их личной жизни. Фицпатрик Ш. Сталинские крестьяне. С. 205.
6
В главе 7 говорится о другом использовании символа учительницы- жертвы.
7
В связи с распоряжениями об увольнении далеко не всегда в школе спешили «взять под козырек». В одной школе в 1930 г. увольнение посчитали незаконным, однако председатель сельсовета не позволил директору школы зачитать совету соответствующее заявление. См.: Нарушение правового и материального положения учительства грозит срывом всеобуча. С. 19.
8
Недавно открытые архивы спецслужб Украины косвенно подтверждают стремление учителей сохранять нейтралитет. На более чем 150 страницах упоминаются лишь считанные случаи, когда учителя занимали чью-то сторону в противостоянии: одному просоветскому учителю крестьяне угрожали, другой активно выступал против коллективизации и еще один стал жертвой «перегибов». Raports du GPU… P. 542, 550, 617.
9
Тесно связанные с разными структурами посредники зависели в своих действиях от того, насколько с этими структурами знакомы и способны использовать писаные и неписаные законы для достижения своих целей. Sewell J. , William H. A Theory of Structure. P. 19-21.
