Фрэнк Райан - Виролюция. Важнейшая книга об эволюции после «Эгоистичного гена» Ричарда Докинза
Экссудат — мутная, богатая белком и клетками гематогенной и гистогенной природы жидкость, которая пропотевает из мелких кровеносных сосудов в месте воспаления.
Эндогенный — внутреннего происхождения, вызываемый внутренними причинами. Эндогенный ретровирус — это ретровирус, ставший частью генома своего носителя.
Эпигенетика — изучение устойчивых изменений в клетках, тканях, органах либо форме жизни в целом, происходящих вне зависимости от изменений в последовательностях ДНК.
Эукариотическая клетка — клетка с ядром (у растений, животных, грибов и протистов).
Эутерии — высшие звери, плацентарные млекопитающие, в противоположность метатериям (сумчатым) и протериям (яйцекладущим) млекопитающим.
Библиография
1. Ryan F. Р. Human endogenous retroviruses in health and disease: a symbiotic perspective. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 2004; 97: 560–565.
2. Ryan F. P. Genomic creativity and natural selection: a modern synthesis. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 2006; 88: 655–672.
3. Ryan F. P. Viruses as symbioses. Symbiosis 2007; 44:11–21.
4. Ryan F. P. Viruses in cyclical symbioses. The Self in Evolution, ed. Lynn Margulis (в печати).
5. Ryan F. P. An alternative approach to medical genetics based on modern evolutionary biology. Part 1: mutation and symbiogenesis. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 2009; 102: 272–277.
6. Ryan F. P. An alternative approach tomedical genetics based onmodern evolutionary biology. Part 2: retroviral symbiosis in embryology and normal physiology. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 2009; 102: 324–331.
7. Ryan F. P. An alternative approach to medical genetics based on modern evolutionary biology. Part 3: HERVs in miscellaneous and autoimmune diseases. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 2009; 102: 415–424.
8. Ryan F. P. An alternative approach to medical genetics based on modern evolutionary biology. Part 4: HERVs in cancer. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 2009; 102:474–480.
9. Ryan F. P. An alternative approach to medical genetics based on modern evolutionary biology. Part 5: epigenetics and genomic duplications. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 2009; 102: 531–537.
Общая библиография no теме:1. Arnold M. L. Natural Hybridization and Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.
2. Bronowski J. The Ascent of Man. London: British Broadcasting Corporation, 1973, reprinted 1974.
3. Gilbert S.F., Epel D. Ecological Developmental Biology. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates Inc, 2009.
4. Jablonka E., Lamb M. J. Epigenetic Inheritance and Evolution: The Lamarckian Dimension. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1995.
5. Jablonka E., Lamb M. J. Evolution in Four Dimensions. Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London: the MIT Press, 2005.
6. Margulis L. Symbiosis in Cell Evolution. New York: W. H. Freeman, 1981, reissued 1993.
7. Margulis L., Fester R. Symbiosis as a Source of Evolutionary Innovation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1999.
8. Morse S. J. Emerging Viruses. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.
9. Ohno S. Evolution by Gene Duplication. New York: Springer Verlag, 1970.
10. Ryan F. Tuberculosis: The Greatest Story Never Told. Bromsgrove: Swift Publishers, 1992.
11. Ryan F. Virus X. London: HarperCollins, UK, 1996.
12. Ryan F. Darwin’s Blind Spot. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2002.
13. Sapp J. Evolution by Association: A History of Symbiosis. Oxford: Oxford, University Press, 1994.
14. Smith J. M, Szathmáry E. The Origins of Life. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
15. Thomas L. The Lives of a Cell. London and New York: Penguin Books 1978.
16. Thomas L. Late Night Thoughts on Listening to Mahler’s Ninth Symphony. London and New York: Penguin Books, 1980, reprinted 1983.
17. Villarreal L. P. Viruses and the Evolution of Life. Washington, DC: ASM Press 2005.
Примечания
1
Keeble F. Plant Animals: A Study in Symbiosis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1919.
2
Rumpho M.E, Worful J.M, Lee J., et al. Horizontal gene transfer of the algal gene psb0 to the photosynthetic sea slug Elysia chlorotica. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2008; 105 (46); 17 867-17871.
3
Ryan F. Virus X. London: HarperCollins, UK, 1996.
4
Wimmer E. The test-tube synthesis of a chemical called poliovirus. European Molecular Biology Reports 2006; 7: 53–59.
5
Judson H. F. The Eighth Day of Creation: Makers of the Revolution in Biology. London: Penguin Books, 1979.
6
Spencer H. Principles of Biology. London, Williams and Norgate, 1864.
7
A better way to treat cancer, Sikora K. Daily Telegraph 18 Sept 2006. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/3343151/А-better-way-totreat-cancer.html
8
Vogelstein В., Kinzler K. W. Cancer genes and the pathways they control. Nature Medicine 2004; 10 (8): 789–799.
9
Sjöblom Т, Jones S., Wood L. D., et al. The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers. Science 2006; 314: 268–274.
10
http://cancergenome.nih.gov.
11
Название этой главы — перефразированная цитата из нобелевской речи Дж. Ледерберга: «Земная жизнь — плотная цепь генетических взаимодействий».
12
Huxley L. Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley. Vol I London: Macmillan & Co, 1900: 219.
13
Lederberg J. Cell genetics and hereditary symbiosis. Physiological Review, 1952; 32: 403–430.
14
Sapp J. Evolution by Association: A History of Symbiosis. Oxford: Oxford, University Press, 1994.
15
De Вагу Н. A. Die Erscheinung der Symbiose (1879).
16
Константин Сергеевич Мережковский (1855–1921) — ботаник, зоолог, философ, писатель. Брат писателя и общественного деятеля Д. С. Мережковского. — Прим. ред.
17
Margulis L., Fester R. Symbiosis as a Source of Evolutionary Innovation. Oxford Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1999. См. также: Smith J. M., Szathmáry E. The Origins of Life. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
18
Ryan F. Darwin’s Blind Spot. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2002.
19
Shilts R. And the Band Played On. London: Penguin Books, 1987.
20
Essex М., Kanki P. J. The origins of the AIDS vims. Scientific American, October 1988: 256: 64–71.
21
Polesz B. J., Ruscetti F. W., et al. Detection and isolation of type-C retrovirus particles from fresh and cultured lymphocytes of a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1980; 77: 7415–9. See also, Gallo R. The discovery of the first human retrovirus: HTLV-1 and HTLV-2. Retrovirology 2005; 2:17–24.
22
В книге «Virus X» я описал увлекательную историю открытия вируса ВИЧ-1 в январе 1983 года Люком Монтанье из Пастеровского института в Париже.
23
Kanki P. J., McLane М. F., et al. Serologic identification and characterization of a macaque T-lymphotropic retrovirus closely related to HTLV–III. Science 1985; 228: 1199–1201.
24
Whitfield J. В. Parasitoids, polydnaviruses and endosymbiosis. Parasitology 1990; 6: 381–384. Whitfield J. B. Estimating the age of the polydnavirus / braconid wasp symbiosis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2002; 99: 7508–13.
25
De Groot N., Otting N., et al. Evidence for an ancient selective sweep in the МНС class I gene repertoire of chimpanzees. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2002; 99:11 748-53. Gagneux P., Wills C., Gerloff U., et al. Mitochondrial sequences show diverse evolutionary histories of African hominoids. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 1999; 96: 5077–82. Zhao Z., Jin L., Fu Y.-X., et al. Worldwide DNA sequence variation in a 10-kilobase noncoding region on human chromosome 22. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2000; 97: 11 354-8. Vogel T. U., Evans D. T., Urvater J. E., et al. Major histocompatibility complex Class 1 genes in primates: co-evolution with pathogens. Immunological Reviews 1999; 167: 327–337.
26
Экспрессия гена — процесс, в ходе которого наследственная информация от гена преобразуется в РНК или белок. — Прим. ред.
27
Из моего интервью с профессором Луисом Вильярреалом, 2002.
28
Gilbert S. F.. Developmental Biology, seventh edition. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates Inc, 2003:130.
29
Hanger J. J., Bromham L. D., McKee J. J., et al. The nucleotide sequence of koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) retrovirus: a novel type c endogenous virus related to gibbon ape leukemia virus. J. Virol. 2000; 74 (9): 4264–72.
30
Martin J., Hemiou E., Cook J., et al. Interclass transmission and phyletic host tracking in murine leukemia virus-related retroviruses. J. Virol. 1999;73 (3): 2442–9.
31
Tarlinton R., Meers J., Young P. R. Retroviral invasion of the koala genome. Nature 2006; 442: 79–81; Tarlinton R., Meers J., Young P. Biology and evolution of the endogenous koala retrovirus. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 2008. Online at doi 10.1007/s00 018–008–8499-y.
32
Katzourakis A., Tristem М., Pybus O. G., Gifford R. J. Discovery and analysis of the first endogenous retrovirus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2007; 104 (15): 6261–5.
33
Gifford R. J., Katzourakis A., Tristem M., et al. A transitional endogenous lentivirus from the genome of a basal primate and implications for lentivirus evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2008; 105 (51): 20 362-7.
34
Здесь: способность длительно сохранять свои свойства в окружающей среде. — Прим. ред.
35
Ryan F. Darwin’s Blind Spot. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2002.
36
Villarreal L. P. Viruses and the Evolution of Life. Washington, DC: ASM Press 2005.
37
Thomas L. The Lives of a Cell. London: Penguin Books, 1974: 4.
38
Перевод А. Эфроса. — Прим. ред.
39
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_McClintock.
40
Расе II J.K., Feschotte C. The evolutionary history of human DNA transposons: evidence for intense activity in the primate lineage. Genome Research 2007; 17: 422–432.
41
Villarreal L. The source of self: genetic parasites and the origin of adaptive immunity. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (in press).
