Юджин Д'Аквили - Тайна Бога и наука о мозге. Нейробиология веры и религиозного опыта
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Примечания
1
Поскольку суждение о том моменте, когда медитация достигает вершины, крайне субъективно, его очень трудно определить и еще труднее измерить. Тем не менее такое «пиковое» состояние крайне интересно, поскольку оно несет в себе самый глубокий духовный смысл и сильнее всего влияет на человека. Пиковое переживание можно выявить с помощью нескольких различных инструментов, которые позволяют одновременно следить за изменением разных параметров. Легче всего идентифицировать подобные моменты, следя за такими показателями, как ток крови в мозге, электрическая активность мозга и некоторые соматические реакции, в частности артериальное давление и частота сердечных сокращений. Начиная наши исследования, мы старались ориентироваться на субъективные ощущения человека, оценивающего свои переживания. Вот почему погруженные в медитацию испытуемые держали рядом с собой веревочку, которая позволяла им, не нарушая процесса медитации, подать нам сигнал в тот момент, когда они достигали самого глубокого состояния. Поскольку мы изучали самых опытных практиков медитации, бечевка им почти или совсем не мешала. Чтобы более детально изучить эти состояния, понадобятся и другие исследования. Пока же достаточно сказать, что мы можем исследовать пиковые состояния или строить гипотезы о них на основе изучения «менее глубоких» состояний, несмотря на то, что нам сложно понять, когда и каким образом возникают эти пиковые переживания. Стоит назвать имена и двух других наиболее важных участников наших исследований: это доктор Абасс Алави, глава отделения ядерной медицины в госпитале Университета Пенсильвании, который оказывал мне огромную поддержку, хотя иногда я занимался довольно странными вещами, и связанный с тем же Университетом Пенсильвании доктор Майкл Бэйм, специалист по внутренним болезням, практикующий тибетский буддизм.
