Джерард Теллис - Воля и видение. Как те, кто приходит позже остальных, в итоге заправляют рынками
207
13 июня 2000 года дело было принято на рассмотрение апелляционным судом округа Колумбия, а 28 июня 2001 года суд признал решение о разукрупнении нецелесообразным, но оставил в силе обвинения в монополизме.
208
William Gates, «The Internet Tidal Wave», http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/trial/ mswitness/maritz/rnaritz_full.asp (1995).
209
Jim Clark and Owen Edwards, Netscape Time: The Making of the Billion Dollar Start-Up That Took on Microsoft, St. Martin's Press, New York, 1999, p. 59.
210
Mark Evans, «Fight to Finish: Microsoft, Netscape Step Up Race for Control of Internet Software Market», The Financial Post, Mar. 14, 1996, p. 8.
211
Charles Williford and Dan Moore, «Will Microsoft Catch Netscape?» Computerworld, vol. 29, April 1996, p. 81.
212
Gates, op. cit.
213
William Gates, http://www.microsoft.com/BillGates/speeches/12–7–95 (1995).
214
David B. Yoffie, «Microsoft Goes Online: MSN 1996», Harvard Business School Publishing case, 9–798–019, Boston, Nov. 24, 1997.
215
Robert X. Cringley, «Triumph of the Nerds», http://www.pbs.org/nerds/ transcript.html (1996).
216
Ibid.
217
Paul Carroll, Big Blues: The Unmaking of IBM, Crown Publishers, New York, 1993, p. 1.
218
«Personal Computers: And the Winner Is IBM», Business Week, Oct. 3, 1983, p. 86.
219
James Chposky and Ted Leonsis, Blue Logic: The People, Power and Politics behind the IBM Personal Computer, Facts on File, New York, 1988, pp. 62–63.
220
«Personal Computers: And the Winner Is IBM», op. cit.
221
Michael W. Miller, «IBM's Watson Offers Personal View of the Company's Recent Difficulties», The Wall Street Journal, Dec. 21, 1992, p. A3. Другие источники: «Microcomputers Catch on Fast», Business Week, July 12, 1976, p. 50; «Computer Stores», Business Week, Sept. 28, 1981, pp. 76–80; «Personal Computers: And the Winner Is IBM», op. cit., pp. 76–95; Jim Carlton, «They Could Have Been a Contender», Wired, November 1997, pp. 122–149; Jim Carlton, «Popularity of Some Computers Means Buyers Must Wait», The Wall Street Journal, Oct. 21, 1993, p. Bl; Carroll, op. cit.; Paul Carroll, «The Day Bill Gates Overthrew Big Blue», The Wall Street Journal, Aug. 16, 1993, pp. 16, Bl, B3; Paul E. Ceruzzi, A History of Modern Computing, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1999; Cringley, op. cit.; Robert X. Cringley, Accidental Empires, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1993. David S. Evans, Albert Nichols, and Bernard Reddy, «The Rise and Fall of Leaders in Personal Computer Software», National Economic Research Associates, Cambridge, MA, Jan. 7, 1999; Paul Freiberger and Michael Swaine, Fire in the Valley: The Making of the Personal Computer, Osborne/McGraw-Hill, Berkeley, CA, 1984; Amar Gupta and Hoormin D. Toong, in Amar Gupta and Hoormin D. Toong, eds., «The First Decade of Personal Computers», Insights into Personal Computers, IEEE Press, New York, 1985; John B. Judis, «Innovation, a Casualty at IBM», The Wall Street Journal, Oct. 17, 1991, p. A23; Dennis Kneale, «IBM Earnings Increased 23 % in 1st Quarter», The Wall Street Journal, Apr. 13, 1984, p. 1; Mitchell Lynch, «Investors Buying Nautilus for Shares in Apple Are Told to Watch for a Worm», The Wall Street Journal, Oct. 8, 1980, p. 10; Michael J. Miller and Laurence Hooper, «Signing Off», The Wall Street Journal, Jan. 27, 1993; Michael W. Miller, «IBM's Watson Offers Personal View of the Company's Recent Difficulties», The Wall Street Journal, Dec. 21, 1992, p. A3; Gerald E. Nelson and William R. Hewlett, «The Design and Development of a Family of Personal Computers for Engineers and Scientists», in Gupta and Toong, eds., op. cit.; Joel N. Shurkin, Engines of the Mind: A History of the Computer, Norton, New York, 1984; «The Third Age(A Survey of the Computer Industry)», The Economist, Sept. 17, 1994, p. C3; Don E. Waldman, «The Rise and Fall of IBM», in David I. Rosenbaum, ed., Market Dominance: How Firms Gain, Hold or Lose It and the Impact on Economic Performance, Praeger, Westport, CT, 1998, pp. 131–152; Kathleen K. Wiegner, «Tomorrow Has Arrived», Forbes, Feb. 15, 1982, pp. 111–119; Grant F. Winthrop, «Whom the Apples Fell On», Fortune, Jan. 12, 1981, p. 68.
222
Scott Ward, Larry Light, and Jonathan Goldstine, «What High-Tech Managers Need to Know about Brands», Harvard Business Review, July-August 1999, pp.85–95.
223
Например, Gregory S. Carpenter and Kent Nakamoto, «Consumer Preference Formation and Pioneering Advantage», Journal of Marketing Research, 26: 285–298 (August 1989); Philip Kotler, Marketing Management, Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2000.
224
George Burton Hotchkiss and Richard B. Franken, The Leadership of Advertised Brands, Doubleday, Page & Company, Garden City, NY, 1923.
225
Более подробно см. Peter N. Golder, «Historical Method in Marketing Research with New Evidence on Long-Term Market Share Stability», Journal of Marketing Research, 37:156–172 (May 2000).
226
Когда мы собирали данные для этого конкретного исследования, определение долей рынка основывалось на результатах продаж за 1997 год.
227
Ellen Graham, «McDonald's Pickle: He Began Fast Food but Gets No Credit», The Wall Street Journal, Aug. 15, 1991, p. A5.
228
Barbara Tuchman, Practicing History, Knopf, New York, 1981, p. 9.
229
Дискуссия об историческом методе базируется на: Peter N. Golder, «Historical Method in Marketing Research with New Evidence on Long-Term Market Share Stability», Journal of Marketing Research, 37:156–172 (May 2000).
Эта работа основывается на следующих источниках:
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Brooks, Philip C.: Research in Archives, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1969.
Eisenhardt, Kathleen M.: «Building Theories from Case Study Research», Academy of Management Review, 14(4):532–550 (1989).
Elton, G. R.: The Practice of History, Thomas Y. Crowell, New York, 1967.
Fogel, Robert William, and G. R. Elton: Which Road to the Past? Two Views of History, Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 1983.
Goodman, Robert S., and Evonne Jonas Kruger: «Data Dredging or Legitimate Research Method?
Historiography and Its Potential for Management Research», Academy of Management Review, 13 (2):315–325 (1988).
Gottschalk, Louis: Understanding History: A Primer of Historical Method, Knopf, New York, 1969.
Hughes, H. Stuart: History as Art and Science, Harper & Row, New York, 1964.
Johnson, Allen: The Historian and Historical Evidence, Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1934.
Langlois, C. V., and C. Seignobos: Introduction to the Study of History, Henry Holt, New York, 1898.
Marwick, Arthur: The Nature of History, Macmillan, London, 1970.
Salvemini, Gaetano: Historian and Scientist, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1939.
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Todd, William: History as Applied Science, Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 1972.
Tuchman, Barbara: Practicing History, Knopf, New York, 1981.
