Чарльз А. Капхен - Закат Америки. Уже скоро
450
U.S. Department of Commerce, «The Emerging Internet Economy II», June 1999, p. 25–35. Available at: http://www/ http://www.esa.doc.gov/esa/pdf/ED2report.pdf Department of Commerce, «The Emerging Digital Economy», p. 17, 28, 3–4. Available at: http://www.esa.doc.gov/508/esa/pdf/EmergingDig.pdf
451
The UCLA Internet Report, «Surveying the Digital Future», October 2000. Available at: http://www.ccp.ucla.edu
452
Cited in Sandel, «Democracy's Discontent», p. 27.
453
Robert D. Putnam, «Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community» (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000), p. 46, 43.
454
Ibid., p. 238.
455
Эксперты указывают, что добровольные пожертвования и благотворительные взносы еще существуют и что политическая активность в Интернете подменила собой традиционные формы участия в политической жизни. См. William A. Galston and Peter Levine, «America's Civic Condition: A Glance at the Evidence», in «Community Works: The Revival of Civil Society in America», ed. E. J. Dionne, Jr. (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 1998), p. 30–36; and D. W. Miller, «Perhaps We Bowl Alone, but Does It Really Matter?» Chronicle of Higher Education, July 16, 1999, p. A16—17.
456
Norman Nie and Lutz Erbring, «Internet and Society, A Preliminary Report», February, 17, 2000. Available at: http://www.Stanford.edu/group/siqss/Press/Release/PreliminaryReport.pdf
457
См. Cass Sunstein, republic com (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001).
458
Joel Kotkin, «The New Geography: How the Digital Landscape Is Reshaping the American Landscape» (New York: Random House, 2000), p. 169.
459
Putnam, «Bowling Alone», p. 342–343.
460
David Brooks, «Bobos in Paradise: The New Upper Class and How They Got There» (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000), p. 271.
461
Thomas Friedman, «Cyber-Serfdom», New York Times, January 30, 2001.
462
Данные из книги David Leonhardt and Barbara Whitaker, «Higher Fuel Prices Do Little to Alter Motorists' Habits», New York Times, October 10, 2000. См. также Dianne Feinstein and Olympia Snowe, «The Low Cost of Lowering Auto Emissions», New York Times, August 1, 2001.
463
Putnam, «Bowling Alone», p. 357, and chap. 14. См. также Ted Halstead, «A Politics for Generation X», Atlantic Monthly, vol. 284, no. 2 (August 1999), p. 33–42.
464
Harris Poll data as analyzed in Putnam, «Bowling Alone», p. 47.
465
Brooks, «Bobos in Paradise», p. 271.
466
Отчеты Федеральной избирательной комиссии с результатами подсчета голосов в пользу Буша и Гора доступны по адресам: http://herndonl.sdrdc.com/cgi-bin/cancomsrs/?00+P00003335 и http://herndonlsdrdc.com/cgi-bin/cancomsrs/?00+P80000912 Статистика расходов на телерекламу, представленная Бреннановским центром за справедливость, приводится в работе «Political Television Advertising for 200 °Campaign (June 1– November 7)». Available at: http://www.brennancenter.org/cmagpdf/cmag/2000wrapup.pdg.pdf Суммарные расходы на выборы 2000 года подсчитаны в издании Центра эффективной политики «Campaign Finance Reform». Available at: http://www.opensecrets.org/news/campaignfinance/index.asp О расходах Блумберга см.: Michael Cooper, «At $92.60 a Vote, Bloomberg Shatters an Election Record», New York Times, December 4, 2001.
467
Don Van Natta, Jr., «Enron or Andersen Made Donations to Almost All Their Congressional Investigators», New York Times, January 25,2002.
468
Cited in Sandel, «Democracy's Discontent», p. 131.
469
Fox News, Fox Special Report with Brit Hume, «Interview with Dale Bumpers», July 20, 2001.
470
Albert R. Hunt, «Don't Stop at McCain-Feingold», Wall Street Journal, February 21, 2002.
471
См. John B. Judis, «The Paradox of American Democracy: Elites, Special Interests, and the Betrayal of the Public Trust» (New York: Pantheon, 2000), chap. 5.
472
Cited in Putnam, «Bowling Alone», p. 159.
473
См., for example, Paul Krugman, «Fuzzy Math The Essential Guide to the Bush Tax Cut» (New York: Norton, 2001).
474
О роли гражданской активности в создании здорового общества см.: Putnam, «Bowling Alone», chaps. 16–22.
475
Durkheim, «The Division of Labor in Society», p. 201.
476
Kotkin, «The New Geography», p. 3.
477
См. D'Vera Cohn and Sarah Cohen, «Census Sees Vast Change in Language, Employment», Washington Post, August 6,2001.
478
Putnam, «Bowling Alone», p. 81.
479
Kotkin, «The New Geography», p. 7.
480
Ibid., p. 45, 64,70.
481
Evelyn Nieves, «Blacks, Hit by Housing Costs, Leave San Francisco Behind», New York Times, August 2, 2001.
482
Nurith С Aizenmen, «In Bowie, Race Is on the Agenda», Washington Post, April 9, 2001.
483
Anthony Walton, «Technology Versus African-Americans», Atlantic Monthly, vol. 283, no. 1 (January 1999),p. 18.
484
Robert D. Kaplan, «An Empire Wilderness: Travels into America's Future» (New York: Random House, 1998), p. 63.
485
Eric Schmitt, «Census Data Show a Sharp Increase in Living Standard», New York Times, August 6, 2001. См. так же Cohn and Cohen, «Census Sees Vast Change in Language, Employment». Janny Scott, «Rethinking Segregation Beyond Black and White», New York Times, July 29,2001. Противоположный взгляд см. у Gregory Rodriquez, «Still, E Pluribus Unum», San Diego Union-Tribune, July 18,1999.
486
Harvard Graduate School of Education, «School Segregation on the Rise Despite Growing Diversity Among School-Aged Children», July 19,2001. Available at: http://www/http://www.gse.harvard.edu/news/features/orfield07172001.html
487
См. Putnam, «Bowling Alone», map on p. 293.
488
Zell Miller, «The Democratic Party's Southern Problem», New York Times, June 4, 2001.
489
Kevin Sullivan, «U.S., Mexico Set Plan for a «Smart Border," Washington Post, March 23, 2002.
490
Reed Karaim, «On Both Sides Now, the Costly Consequences of Vigilance», Washington Post, March 10, 2002.
491
Ibid.
492
Stephen Flynn, «Rethinking the U.S. — Canadian Border», Buffalo News, July 1, 2001.
493
Richard Holbrooke, interview on Fox News, Special Report with Brit Hume, October 19, 2001.
494
Kaplan, «An Empire Wilderness», p. 322–328. См. также Joel Garreau, «The Nine Nations of North America» (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1981).
495
Kenichi Ohmae, «The Rise of the Region State», Foreign Affairs, vol. 72, no. 2 (Spring 1993), p. 78.
496
Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., «The Disuniting of Americ» (New York: Norton, 1992), p. 118.
497
Cited in Richard Morin and Claudia Deane, «Poll: Americans' Trust in Government Grows», Washington Post, September 28, 2001.
498
См. John A. Hall and Charles Lindholm, «Is America Breaking Apart?» (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999).
499
См. Sunstein, republic com, p. 170–172; and David Bollier, «Silent Theft: The Private Plunder of Our Common Wealth (New York: Routledge, 2002).
500
James H. Snider, «E-Democracy as Deterrence: Public Policy Implications of a Deterrence Model of Democratic Accountability», paper presented at the 2001 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association. Available from: [email protected]
501
О способности цифровых технологий содействовать укреплению демократии см. Benjamin R. Barber, «Three Scenarios for the Future of Technology and Strong Democracy», Political Science Quarterly, vol. 113, no. 4 (Winter 1998–1999), p. 573–589. См. также Benjamin R. Barber, «Civil Society: Getting Beyond the Rhetoric — A Framework for Political Understanding», in «Civic Engagement in the Atlantic Community», ed. Josef Janning, Charles Kupchan, and DirkRumberg (Gutersloh: Bertelsmann Foundation, 1999).
